美国早期数学学习标准下的支持性策略与活动分析

发布时间：2018-04-04 06:08

本文选题：美国　切入点：早期学习标准　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,“学习标准化”运动在世界范围内,轰轰烈烈地开展起来。从中小学领域发展到学前教育领域,从发达国家扩展到发展中国家。保障教育公平,缩小学习差距,促进教育质量统一的早期学习标准应运而生,并迅速在全世界范围内发展起来。美国的早期学习标准的制订开始得很早,现今已经发展得比较完善,美国51个州和地区都已经制订了自己的早期学习标准。早期学习标准能否顺利实施,很大程度上取决于标准使用者是否能正确理解标准并运用标准。早期学习标准下的支持性策略与活动正是帮助早期教育相关人员正确理解标准含义,指导其正确运用标准的一系列策略与活动。美国在早期学习标准的发展上已经走在了世界的前列,美国各州早期学习标准的支持性策略与活动颇具特色,十分值得我们参考、借鉴。本文收集美国各州早期学习标准文件,通过文献研究法和内容分析法对美国各州早期学习标准文件,特别是其中数学标准文件进行深入探索,总结美国各州的数学学习标准的支持性策略与活动的特点,并分析其表现形式和结构网络,借鉴各州早期学习标准建设中取得的经验成果,总结其中值得学习的优秀经验,为中国《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》的制定与有效实施提供有益的建议。研究表明,美国各州的早期学习标准的支持性策略与活动,其针对对象主要是儿童、早期教育教师、儿童照料者、家长、社区工作人员、政策制定者。支持性策略与活动的内容则大致包括标准简介、指导原则、标准的说明和解释、领域知识简介、儿童活动举例、成人活动举例、资源。然而,并不是每个州都包含了全部七种类型的支持性策略与活动,各州所包含的支持性策略与活动的数量、种类都存在差异。本研究对几种主要类型的支持性策略与活动进行了分析,并从美国51个州和地区中选取了3个有代表性的州的早期学习标准文件做了具体的分析,总结美国各州构建支持性策略与活动系统的经验,初步得出了对我国早期学习标准制订、实施的启示：支持性策略与活动应该内容全面、形式多样；描述应该通俗易懂,举例应该贴近生活；要给予使用者正确的引导；结合当地情况；与现代技术相结合。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the "learning standardization" movement in the world, vigorous development.From primary and secondary schools to preschool education, from developed countries to developing countries.The early learning standards, which guarantee education fairness, narrow the learning gap and promote the unification of education quality, emerged as the times require, and developed rapidly all over the world.The establishment of early learning standards in the United States began early and has now developed quite well. Fifty-one states and regions in the United States have already formulated their own early learning standards.The successful implementation of early learning standards depends to a great extent on the correct understanding and application of standards by standard users.The supporting strategies and activities under the early learning standards are a series of strategies and activities to help the relevant personnel of early education understand the meaning of the standards correctly and guide them to use the standards correctly.The United States has been in the forefront of the development of early learning standards in the world. The supporting strategies and activities of the early learning standards in the United States are characteristic, which is worth our reference and reference.This paper collects the standard documents of early learning in American states, and probes into the standard documents of early learning, especially the mathematical standard documents, through literature research and content analysis.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the supporting strategies and activities of the mathematics learning standards in the United States, analyzes its forms and structure networks, draws lessons from the experiences gained in the early learning standards construction of the states, and summarizes the outstanding experiences that are worth learning.Some useful suggestions are provided for the formulation and effective implementation of the guide for learning and development of children aged 3-6 in China.The research shows that the supporting strategies and activities of early learning standards are mainly aimed at children, early education teachers, child caregivers, parents, community workers, and policy makers.Supportive strategies and activities generally include a brief introduction to standards, guidelines, descriptions and explanations of standards, a brief introduction of domain knowledge, examples of children's activities, examples of adult activities, and resources.However, not every state contains all seven types of supporting strategies and activities.In this study, several main types of supporting strategies and activities were analyzed, and the early learning standard documents of 3 representative states were selected from 51 states and territories of the United States.This paper summarizes the experiences of American states in constructing supportive strategies and activity systems, and preliminarily draws the enlightenment to the establishment and implementation of early learning standards in China: supporting strategies and activities should be comprehensive in content, diverse in form, and easy to understand in description.Examples should be close to life; give users correct guidance; adapt to local conditions; and combine with modern technology.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G613.4

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