幼儿手指直觉与数感发展及其相关研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 01:05

本文选题：手指直觉 + 数感　；参考：《西南大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 幼儿数感作为儿童早期认知发展的一个重要方面,已经引起了国际上普遍的关注。而近些年国外数认知领域越来越多的研究发现,幼儿手指直觉与数能力(数认知)的发展存在关联,甚至很多研究表明前者对后者具有很大的预测作用。基于此,研究者试图在中国文化背景下对幼儿数感涉及的一些重要方面进行考察,并在此基础上揭示幼儿手指直觉与数感发展存在的关联。为此,本研究选取4岁和5岁两个年龄组的幼儿为研究对象,采用文献分析、实验、测验等研究方法收集相关的证据或数据,然后运用方差分析、非参数检验、相关分析及回归分析等统计方法对数据进行处理,分别考察了幼儿手指直觉及其发展的特点、幼儿数感涉及的六个方面内容及其发展水平、手指直觉与数感不同成分之间的相关,最后根据研究结论提出教育建议,并展望未来研究发展的趋势。本研究得出的结论主要包括: 第一,幼儿手指单指识别成绩显著地优于双指识别成绩;而双指识别中,同时识别成绩又显著地优于相继识别成绩。总体上5岁组幼儿的手指识别成绩要略高于4岁组,但差异不具有显著性;画手成绩的年龄差异显著,即5岁幼儿的得分明显高于4岁幼儿的得分。第二,幼儿手指识别与画手成绩存在极显著的相关。第三,随着项目数量的递增,感数和估猜的准确度均呈现递减趋势。总体上5岁幼儿感数与估猜的成绩均优于4岁幼儿,且成绩的年龄差异均达到显著水平。第四,不管是在集合比较还是在数字比较上,均存在明显的数距效应(如果数距大,判断准确性高,反应时却短;若数距小,判断准确性低,反应时却长)和数量效应(若数量小,判断的准确性高,反应时短;如数量大,判断准确性低,反应时长)。但序列效应不明显,即正向递增和反向递减差异不显著。在反应时上,集合比较和数字比较的年龄差异均具有显著性;在准确性(得分)上,集合比较的年龄差异不显著,而数字比较的年龄差异显著。第五,4、5岁幼儿计数能力有了一定发展,有效计数的范围已发展到10个以上的数量。5岁幼儿已经基本上能数到20以上的数目,且基本上掌握了不同的计数原则。5岁幼儿计数成绩和加法计算成绩均明显优于4岁组幼儿,且差异均具有显著性。第六,幼儿手指直觉成绩与感数、手指直觉成绩与估猜成绩均存在极显著的正相关。且手指直觉对感数和估猜均具有极显著的预测性。第七,不管是集合比较还是数字比较,幼儿手指直觉与比较得分均存在极显著的正相关,与比较反应时均存在极显著的负相关;幼儿手指直觉对比较反应时均具有极显著的预测作用,前者对集合比较得分也具有极显著的预测作用。第八,幼儿手指直觉与计数成绩以及加法计算成绩均存在极显著的正相关,且前者对后二者均具有极显著的预测作用。
[Abstract]:As an important aspect of children's early cognitive development, early childhood numeracy has attracted international attention.In recent years, more and more researches in the field of numeral-cognition abroad have found that there is a correlation between finger intuition and the development of numeral-cognitive ability, and even many studies show that the former has a great predictive effect on the latter.Based on this, the researcher attempts to investigate some important aspects of children's number sense under the Chinese cultural background, and on this basis, reveals the relationship between finger intuition and the development of number sense.Therefore, this study selected children aged 4 and 5 years old as the research object, collected the relevant evidence or data by literature analysis, experiment, test and so on, then used the analysis of variance, non-parametric test, etc.Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to process the data. The characteristics of children's finger intuition and their development, six aspects of children's number sense and their development level were investigated.The relationship between finger intuition and different components of number sense is discussed. Finally, the educational suggestions are put forward according to the conclusion of the study, and the trend of future research is prospected.The main conclusions of this study include:First, the results of single finger recognition of young children were significantly better than that of two-finger recognition, and the recognition scores of two-finger recognition were significantly better than those of successive recognition at the same time.On the whole, the score of finger recognition in 5-year-old group was slightly higher than that in 4-year-old group, but the difference was not significant, and the age difference of painting hand score was significant, that is, the score of 5-year-old children was significantly higher than that of 4-year-old children.Second, there is a very significant correlation between finger recognition and the achievement of hand painting.Thirdly, as the number of items increases, the sensitivity and accuracy of estimation decrease.On the whole, the scores of perception and guess of children aged 5 years were better than those of children aged 4 years, and the age differences of scores reached significant level.Fourth, whether in the set comparison or in the numerical comparison, there is obvious numerical distance effect (if the number distance is large, the judgment accuracy is high, but the reaction time is short; if the number distance is small, the judgment accuracy is low;The reaction time is long) and the quantity effect (if the quantity is small, the accuracy of judgment is high, the reaction time is short; if the quantity is large, the accuracy of judgment is low, the reaction time is long.But the sequence effect is not obvious, that is, the difference of positive increment and reverse decline is not significant.In response time, the age difference of set comparison and numerical comparison was significant, but the age difference of set comparison was not significant in accuracy (score), but the age difference of numerical comparison was significant.The counting ability of children aged 5 years has developed to a certain extent. The range of effective counting has developed to more than 10. The number of children aged 5 years or older has basically been able to count to more than 20.The results of counting and addition calculation of children aged 5 years old were significantly better than those of children aged 4 years old, and the differences were significant.Sixth, there was a significant positive correlation between finger intuition scores and sensory scores, finger intuition scores and estimated results.Moreover, finger intuition has a significant predictive effect on sensitivity and guess estimation.Seventh, there was a very significant positive correlation between finger intuition and comparison score, and a very significant negative correlation between finger intuition and comparative reaction.The finger intuition had a significant predictive effect on the comparative reaction, and the former had a significant predictive effect on the score of set comparison.Eighth, there was a significant positive correlation between finger intuition and counting scores and additive scores, and the former had a significant predictive effect on the latter two.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G613.4

【引证文献】