儿童的“理论”：危机与拯救

发布时间：2018-05-04 23:08

本文选题：儿童的“理论” + 危机　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：儿童的“理论”研究是一个新的课题,以前关于儿童的“理论”研究多是从心理学角度,本研究则是从哲学、教育学、人类学等多角度来研究分析,具有很强的学术意义。儿童的“理论”是指儿童自己的“理论”,是儿童通过他对世界的主观“理解”和解释,而形成的观点、看法和想法。儿童的“理论”具有自然的、朴素的、原初性的、人性化的、直觉的、具体的、经验的等特点。本研究通过实地观察和文献资料分析,发现儿童一些独特的见解以及哲学世界观(主客合一)与教师的教育任务之间产生了“冲突”,“冲突”可以通过“对话”的方式得到排解；如果“冲突”得不到排解,将会产生教师对儿童的“理论”的排斥现象,否认儿童的想法,认为儿童的“理论”是瞎闹、乱讲、胡说；在这样的教育教学环境下,儿童不敢表达自己的想法,而且也没有机会表达自己的想法,久而久之,儿童渐渐失去独立思考的能力,没有自己的思想,造成了儿童“失语”现象。如果这一系列危机得不到解决,将会产生儿童主体性丧失、教育低效甚至无效等严重后果。针对儿童的“理论”在教育中面临的危机,研究者提出了四点拯救措施：首先,承认并欣赏儿童的“理论”；其次,发现儿童的“理论”的教育价值；再次,利用儿童的“理论”；最后,儿童的“理论”呼唤学前课程变革。学前课程从三个方面变革：一、课程目标：由知识中心转变为以人为中心；二、课程内容：由预设的、教师发起的转变为预设与生成相结合、幼儿发起的；三、课程实施：由注入式转变为“对话”。
[Abstract]:The study of children's "theory" is a new subject. The previous studies on children's "theory" are mostly from the angle of psychology, and this study is from the perspective of philosophy, pedagogy, anthropology and so on, which has strong academic significance. Children's "theory" refers to the child's own "theory", is the child through his subjective "understanding" and interpretation of the world and the formation of views, views and ideas. Children's theory has the characteristics of nature, simplicity, originality, humanization, intuition, concrete and experience. Through field observation and literature analysis, this study found that some unique views of children and the conflict between philosophical world outlook (integration of subject and object) and teachers' educational tasks. "conflict" can be resolved by means of "dialogue"; if "conflict" is not resolved, teachers will reject children's "theory", deny children's ideas, and think that children's "theory" is nonsense. Nonsense; in such an educational and teaching environment, children dare not express their own ideas, and they do not have the opportunity to express their own ideas. Over time, children gradually lose the ability to think independently and have no ideas of their own. Causes the child "aphasia" phenomenon. If this series of crises can not be solved, it will lead to the loss of children's subjectivity, inefficient or ineffective education and other serious consequences. In view of the crisis that children's "theory" faces in education, researchers put forward four measures to save them: first, to recognize and appreciate the "theory" of children; secondly, to find out the educational value of children's "theory"; third, to find out the educational value of children's "theory". Finally, children's theory calls for the reform of preschool curriculum. Preschool curriculum changes from three aspects: first, curriculum goal: from knowledge center to people-centered; second, curriculum content: from presupposition, teacher-initiated transformation to combination of presupposition and generation; third, Curriculum implementation: from injection to dialogue.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G610

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