学龄前儿童声母偏误类型与影响因素

发布时间：2018-05-13 05:26

本文选题：声母偏误 + 发音部位　；参考：《学前教育研究》2016年05期

【摘要】：学龄前儿童口头语言的表现对于其未来的语言能力具有重要的预测作用。本研究通过对20个2~5岁的儿童的对话访谈,对学龄前儿童声母偏误的实际情况和影响因素进行实证分析,结果发现学龄前儿童声母的发音部位的偏误比发音方法的偏误更多;声母偏误的后移最多,塞音化明显;男童比女童在发音部位和发音方法上都产生了更多的偏误;不同年龄段的儿童在发音方法上存在明显差异;随着年龄的增长,女童的发音偏误没有发生很大变化,但是男童的发音方法随着年龄的增长出现了较明显的进步。究其原因主要在于学龄前儿童发音器官发育不完全,神经系统尚未成熟,不能正确掌握声母的发音部位与方法,加上声母数量多、发音难,也影响了学龄前儿童的声母发音正确率。此外,学龄前儿童由于好模仿的天性,在积极发音的过程中方法掌握不当,导致声母发音后移和塞音化明显。这说明学龄前儿童发音不得要领,基本遵循言语表达的经济性原则。家长和教师应正确认识并宽容学龄前儿童的发音错误,同时采取反复操练和正确示范的方法帮助学龄前儿童掌握正确的发音部位与方法,促进其语言能力的提升。
[Abstract]:The performance of preschool children's oral language plays an important role in predicting their language ability in the future. This study conducted an empirical analysis of the actual situation and influencing factors of phonetic errors among 20 children aged 2 to 5 years old. The results showed that the errors of the initial phonetic sites of preschool children were more than those of pronunciation methods. The phonetic errors of boys and girls have more errors than girls. There are significant differences in pronunciation methods among children of different age groups; with the increase of age, there are significant differences in pronunciation methods between children of different ages, and with the increase of age, there are significant differences in pronunciation methods among children of different ages, and there are significant differences in pronunciation methods among children of different ages. Girls' pronunciation errors did not change significantly, but boys' pronunciation methods improved significantly with age. The main reasons are that the speech organs of preschool children are not fully developed, the nervous system is not yet mature, and they can not correctly master the location and method of pronunciation of the consonants. Besides, the number of initials is so large that it is difficult to pronounce. It also affected the correct rate of consonant pronunciation in preschool children. In addition, preschool children, due to their imitative nature, do not master the method properly in the process of active pronunciation, which leads to the phonetic backward movement and choking of the initials. This shows that preschool children pronunciation is not essential, basically follow the economic principle of speech expression. Parents and teachers should correctly understand and tolerate the pronunciation errors of preschool children. At the same time, the methods of repeated practice and correct demonstration should be adopted to help preschool children master the correct pronunciation position and method, and to promote their language ability.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学文学院语文教育研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“基础教育阶段流动儿童学业水平现状及其影响因素探究”(批准号:13CSH072)
【分类号】：G613.2

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