长沙市岳麓区学龄前儿童气质及相关因素分析
发布时间:2018-06-10 03:42
本文选题:学龄前 + 儿童 ; 参考:《中南大学》2007年硕士论文
【摘要】: 目的:对长沙市岳麓区学龄前儿童气质类型及相关因素进行研究,以了解长沙市儿童的气质特点及影响因素,为学龄前儿童身心健康教育、家庭教育、早期教育提供科学的依据。 方法:应用《3-7岁儿童气质量表》,针对儿童在活动水平、规律性、趋避性、适应性、情绪本质、反应强度、坚持性、注意分散度、反应阈等九个方面的气质特点,把儿童分为易养型、难养型、中间偏易养型或中间偏难养型、启动缓慢型等五个气质类型。然后根据《一般情况调查问卷》的相关因素:包括学龄前儿童年龄、性别、家庭教育等15个因素与学龄前儿童的气质类型进行相关性分析。 通过对长沙市岳麓区采用两级整群抽样抽取4所幼儿园进行现况调查,共发放调查问卷620份,,回收有效调查问卷590份,采用儿童气质评分和分析的软件进行处理,获得儿童相关气质类型及详细的气质维度解释。同时使用SPSS13.0分析软件,对气质类型进行单因素分析、χ~2检验和t检验,对儿童气质的影响因素进行了了logistic回归分析、多元线性回归分析。 结果: 1长沙市岳麓区学龄前儿童的气质类型分布分别为:易养型与中间偏易养型合并称E组,E组儿童气质占73.7%;难养型、中间偏难养型、启动缓慢型合并称D组,D组儿童气质占26.3%。 2影响气质类型的因素为母亲孕期营养、父母教养方式、父母管教态度、母亲妊娠时年龄、父母婚姻关系、儿童出生情况。 3与气质维度相关的因素主要包括以下几个方面: (1)活动水平相关的因素:性别、教养方式(打骂)、孕期营养、照管人(祖父母)、父亲文化。 (2)节律性相关的因素:管教态度、孕期营养、教养方式(打骂)、教养方式(训斥)。 (3)趋避性相关的因素:管教态度、分娩方式(胎吸)、父亲文化、出生情况(早产)、妊娠年龄(母亲)。 (4)适应性相关的因素:管教态度、父亲文化、教养方式(打骂)、父母关系、照管人(保姆)、照管人(祖父母)。 (5)反映强度相关的因素:母亲文化、教养方式(打骂)、教养方式(训斥)、出生情况(剖宫产)、出生体重。 (6)情绪本质相关的因素:管教态度、入托年龄、父母关系、出生情况(过期产)、教养方式(训斥)。 (7)坚持性相关的因素:父亲文化、管教态度、父母关系、出生情况(早产)、照管人(祖父母)、孕期营养。 (8)反应阈相关的因素:家庭住房面积。 结论: 1本次研究得出易养型儿童比例约为难养型儿童三倍,难养型儿童比例仅占调查儿童的十分之一。 2学龄前儿童气质与个体因素、家庭环境、孕产期保健有密切关系。 3造成儿童难养型气质与父母管教态度有分歧或不一致、父母关系不够和睦、以打骂、训斥为主的父母教养方式、母亲孕期营养差、早产等因素有关。 4气质维度与年龄、性别、父母亲文化、管教态度、教养方式、父母关系、母亲孕时情况、胎儿分娩方式及出生情况、照管人、入托年龄、住房情况等相关。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the temperament types and related factors of preschool children in Yuelu District, Changsha, in order to understand the temperament characteristics and influencing factors of children in Changsha, and to provide scientific basis for the preschool children's physical and mental health education, family education and early education.
Methods: the children gas quality table <3-7 years old was applied to the children's temperament characteristics in nine aspects, such as activity level, regularity, avoidance, adaptability, emotional nature, reaction intensity, persistence, attention dispersion, reaction threshold and so on, and divided the children into five qualities, such as easy to foster, refractory, medium or intermediate, and slow to start. According to the related factors of the general survey questionnaire, 15 factors, including the age of preschool children, sex, family education and so on, were correlated with the temperament types of preschool children.
Through the survey of 4 kindergartens using two class cluster sampling in Yuelu District, Changsha, 620 questionnaires were issued and 590 questionnaires were collected. The children temperament and analysis software were processed to obtain the children's temperament types and the detailed explanation of temperament dimensions. At the same time, the SPSS13.0 analysis software was used. Univariate analysis of temperament types, chi square test and t test were used to analyze the influencing factors of children's temperament by logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. ~2 regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference in temperament.
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