美国处境不利儿童补偿教育政策及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-12-17 10:55

【摘要】：自上世纪60年代以来,美国学前教育政策发展和演变的价值取向突显"排富扶弱"的特点,具体表现为运用国家资源,为处境不利儿童建立学前教育机构,帮助其获得学前教育机会;推行标准化和绩效责任制,确保处境不利儿童接受高质量的教育;实施补偿教育,力保所有儿童都能达到国家或州发展和学业标准。这使得其国家资金投入增加、受益儿童数量递增,学前教育质量提高。我国目前仍面临着入园难、普及率低、质量低的困境,研究和借鉴美国学前教育政策,无疑具有重要现实意义和参考价值。我国应制定和实施"弱势补偿"方案,确保学前教育机会公平;实施准入和监控制度,确保学前教育质量;通过立法保障、增大资金投入,促进学前教育事业健康持续发展。
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, the value orientation of the development and evolution of pre-school education policy in the United States has highlighted the characteristics of "eliminating the rich and helping the weak", which is manifested in the use of national resources to set up pre-school education institutions for disadvantaged children. (B) to facilitate their access to pre-school education; To promote standardization and accountability to ensure quality education for disadvantaged children; and to implement compensatory education to ensure that all children meet national or state development and academic standards. This has led to an increase in national funding, an increase in the number of children benefiting and an improvement in the quality of preschool education. At present, our country is still faced with difficulties of entering kindergarten, low popularization rate and low quality. It is undoubtedly of great practical significance and reference value to study and draw lessons from American preschool education policy. China should formulate and implement the program of "vulnerable compensation" to ensure the fair opportunity of preschool education, implement the system of access and monitoring to ensure the quality of preschool education, and increase the investment of funds through legislation to promote the healthy and sustainable development of preschool education.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学学前教育与特殊教育学院;
【基金】：全国教育科学“十一五”规划2010年度青年课题“幼儿双语音乐教育整合课程研究”(编号:ELA100447)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：G619.712

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