幼儿退缩气质与问题行为及感觉统合能力的相关研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 17:58

【摘要】：自20世纪80年代以来,儿童期退缩行为研究逐渐成为一个新的研究热点。国内外现有的研究主要集中于退缩行为的类型、稳定性及发生机制方面。本研究采用NYLS设计的儿童气质问卷(PTQ)、Conners编制的儿童行为问卷、Ayres设计的儿童感觉统合能力发展评定量表评价哈市七所幼儿园的280名幼儿的气质退缩性、行为问题和感觉统合能力,试图考察幼儿退缩气质与问题行为及感觉统合能力之间的关系,探索退缩气质对问题行为和感觉统合能力的预测能力,以及感觉统合能力在幼儿退缩气质与问题行为之间的中介作用。期望为减少幼儿行为问题的发生、预防感觉统合失调及儿童心理保健提供相应的对策,为幼儿退缩气质及行为研究及其理论的丰富和发展提供参考。研究结果如下： 1.幼儿退缩气质存在不同办园体制差异,个人办园的幼儿与企业和省市委办园的幼儿相比较,气质更趋向于退缩。但在退缩气质方面不存在显著性别差异、年级差异和父母职业差异。 2.幼儿问题行为表现存在性别和年级差异,男孩的问题行为表现在品行问题、冲动多动和多动指数方面高于女孩,小班幼儿的问题行为表现整体上高于中班和大班,问题行为到中班大幅减少,而到了大班又有小幅回升的趋势。问题行为在办园体制上只在因子冲动多动方面存在差异,军区办园的幼儿在冲动多动方面问题最多,而大学办园的幼儿冲动多动问题最少。父亲职业不同的幼儿在品行问题方面存在显著差异,而母亲职业不同的幼儿在心身障碍方面存在差异。父亲职业为公务员和其它的幼儿在品行问题方面显著少于父亲职业为商业服务业的幼儿。母亲职业为公务员的幼儿在心身障碍方面显著少于职业为商服业的幼儿。 3.幼儿感觉统合能力存在性别差异,女孩表现整体优于男孩。不同年级幼儿在大肌肉及平衡能力方面存在显著差异。但在不同办园体制方面不存在差异。父亲职业不同的幼儿在触觉过分防御及情绪不稳和学习能力不足方面存在差异,而母亲职业不同的幼儿在学习能力不足方面存在差异。 4.相关与回归分析表明,幼儿退缩气质与问题行为和感觉统合能力存在密切关系。幼儿退缩气质对问题行为中的因子2学习能力、因子5焦虑和感觉统合能力的因子2触觉过分防御及情绪不稳有较强的预测能力。 5.幼儿的触觉过分防御及情绪不稳分别在退缩气质与问题行为因子2学习问题和因子5焦虑的之间起到完全和部分中介作用。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the study of child withdrawal has gradually become a new research focus. The existing researches at home and abroad mainly focus on the types, stability and occurrence mechanism of withdrawal behavior. In this study, the children's behavior questionnaire developed by (PTQ), Conners, designed by NYLS, and the children's sensory integrative ability development scale designed by Ayres were used to evaluate the temperament decline of the children in seven kindergartens in Harbin. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between withdrawal temperament and problem behavior and sensory integration ability in order to explore the prediction ability of withdrawal temperament to problem behavior and sensory integration ability, and try to find out the relationship between withdrawal temperament and problem behavior and sensory integration ability. And the mediating effect of sensory integration ability between withdrawal temperament and problem behavior of young children. It is expected to provide corresponding countermeasures for reducing the occurrence of children's behavior problems, preventing sensory integration disorders and children's mental health care, and providing reference for the study of children's withdrawal temperament and behavior and the enrichment and development of their theories. The results of the study are as follows: 1. There are different system differences in children's withdrawal. Compared with the children run by enterprises and provincial and municipal party committees, the children who run individual gardens tend to retreat more easily than the young children run by enterprises and provincial and municipal party committees. However, there were no significant gender differences, grade differences and parents' occupational differences in withdrawal temperament. 2. The problem behavior of young children was different in gender and grade. The problem behavior of boys was higher than that of girls in behavior problems, impulsive hyperactivity and hyperactivity index, and the problem behavior of small class children was higher than that of middle class and large class as a whole, and that of children in small class was higher than that in middle class and large class. Problem behavior to the middle class significantly reduced, and to the large class and a slight rebound trend. The problem behavior is only different in the factor impulse hyperactivity in the system of running the garden. The children in the military region have the most problems in the impulse hyperactivity, while the children in the university run the garden have the least impulsive hyperactivity. There are significant differences in the behavior problems of children with different fathers' occupation and the differences in psychosomatic disorders among children with different mothers' occupations. Father's career as a civil servant and other young children in the conduct of the problem is significantly less than the father's occupation in the business services of children. Children whose mothers were employed as civil servants had significantly fewer psychosomatic disorders than those who were engaged in trade and clothing. 3. There were gender differences in the sensory integration ability of young children, and the overall performance of girls was better than that of boys. There were significant differences in the ability of large muscle and balance among children of different grades. However, there are no differences in different garden management systems. There were differences in overdefense, emotional instability and learning ability among children with different fathers' occupation, while children with different mothers' occupations had differences in learning ability. 4. Correlation and regression analysis showed that there was a close relationship between withdrawal temperament and problem behavior and sensory integration ability. Children's withdrawal temperament has a strong predictive ability to factor 2 learning ability, factor 5 anxiety and sensory integration ability. 2 factor 2 has strong ability to predict tactile excessive defense and emotional instability. 5. Children's tactile overdefense and emotional instability play a complete and partial mediating role between withdrawal temperament and problem behavior factor 2 learning problem and factor 5 anxiety respectively.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G61

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