福建A经贸高职院校毕业生就业现状及对策分析

发布时间：2018-05-21 11:02

本文选题：高职院校 + 毕业生　；参考：《厦门大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：高职毕业生就业问题是大学生就业问题的重要组成部分,直接关系到高等职业技术教育的发展,影响高等教育大众化的进程。当前媒体频频爆出“高职毕业生就业率高出本科层次、高职毕业生就业形势乐观”,却与市场上普遍存在“高薪难聘高级技工、找人难和找活难”的现象相互矛盾。因此,了解高职毕业生就业现实状况具有重要意义。高职毕业生就业的已有研究多从全国、省份或区域等宏观层面展开分析,立足于一个学校具体分析的较少,难以有针对性的探究原因和寻求解决办法。为此,本研究将立足于福建省一所普通高职学校,解剖麻雀式的具体分析其就业状况,探究原因并提出相应对策,为促进高职毕业生就业提供建议。本文以福建省A经贸高职院校为研究对象,运用文献分析法和调查法重点考察该校2013年应届毕业生的就业状况,根据就业状况归纳出主要特点和存在问题,针对存在问题探究其原因并结合质性访谈补充补充影响因素,最后针对存在问题提出相关对策。研究主要分为七章：第一章介绍该样本院校的基本状况与调查问卷的设计与实施情况；第二、第三,第四和第五章分别调查了样本院校毕业生就业率、就业去向,就业意向和就业质量状况分析,概述各层面就业状况的特点,归纳存在的问题；第六章探究了毕业生就业问题的主要原因,并结合质性访谈的方法分析高职毕业生就业的主要影响因素；第七章为结论与对策。本研究得出主要结论如下：一、该校毕业生就业表现出积极的特点。主要表现在就业率水平较高、就业形式呈现多元化、大部分毕业生择业观念务实。二、毕业生就业呈现出几点主要问题：1.一般性就业问题,即2011年至2013年毕业生就业率出现下降趋势,2013年应届毕业生就业率明显低于以往水平,潜在市场需求下降威胁。2.结构性就业问题,即主要是毕业生专业结构性就业矛盾,市场需求冷暖不一,毕业生素质水平与市场需求水平间存在缺口。3.选择性就业问题,即存在部分毕业生因就业期望与实际情况有落差而选择待业。4.总体就业质量不高问题,无论是就业薪酬水平、就业满意度、专业对口率,还是前述几大就业问题都显示出毕业生就业质量亟待提升。三、结构性就业矛盾和选择性就业矛盾是毕业生就业难的主要原因。四、毕业生就业既是社会问题和教育问题也是个人问题,各利益主体对毕业生就业产生重要影响。基于以上研究结果,研究者从政府、用人单位,高校和学生个人层面提出对策和建议：政府层面而言,应推进产业结构优化升级和完善毕业生就业激励政策以及进一步推进校企合作；用人单位层面而言,应加强与学校的交流、转变畸形的用人观以及健全实习制度；高校层面而言,把好生源质量关,改革人才培养模式和完善就业指导工作,学生个人层面而言,应树立合理的就业观,提高综合素质以及做好职业生涯规划。
[Abstract]:The employment of higher vocational graduates is an important part of the problem of College Students' employment, which is directly related to the development of Higher Vocational and technical education, which affects the process of the popularization of higher education. The current media frequently explode that the employment rate of higher vocational graduates is higher than the undergraduate level, and the higher vocational graduates are optimistic about the situation of the industry, but it is generally "high" with the market. It is of great significance to understand the actual situation of the employment of higher vocational graduates. Therefore, it is very important to understand the actual situation of the employment of higher vocational graduates. For this reason, this study will be based on an ordinary higher vocational school in Fujian Province, anatomize the specific analysis of the employment status of sparrow, explore the reasons and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, in order to provide suggestions for the employment of higher vocational graduates.
This paper, taking the A Higher Vocational Colleges in Fujian Province as the research object, focuses on the employment status of the college graduates in 2013 by using the method of literature analysis and investigation, and summarizes the main characteristics and existing problems according to the employment situation. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is divided into seven chapters: the first chapter introduces the basic situation of the college and the design and implementation of the questionnaire; the second, third, fourth and fifth chapters investigate the employment rate, the direction of employment, the employment intention and the analysis of the quality of the industry, and summarize the employment situation at various levels. The sixth chapter explores the main reasons for the employment of graduates, and analyzes the main factors affecting the employment of higher vocational graduates with the method of qualitative interview; the seventh chapter is the conclusion and countermeasures.
The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
First, the employment of graduates in this school shows positive characteristics. It is mainly manifested in higher employment rate, diversified employment forms, and most graduates are pragmatic. Two, there are several major problems in graduates' Employment: 1. general employment, that is, the employment rate of graduates from 2011 to 2013, and 2013. The employment rate of the graduates is obviously lower than the previous level. The decline of the potential market demand threatens the structural employment problem of.2., that is, the major structural employment contradiction of graduates, the cold and warm market demand, the gap between the quality level of graduates and the market demand level,.3. selective employment questions, that is, the existence of some graduates because of the employment expectation and reality. The overall employment quality of.4. is not high. Whether it is employment salary level, employment satisfaction, professional counterpart rate, or a few major employment problems, the graduates' employment quality needs to be improved urgently. Three, the main reason for the difficult employment of graduates is the contradiction between structural employment and selective employment. Four, graduates Employment is both a social problem and an education problem. It is also a personal problem. Each interest entity has an important influence on the employment of graduates.
Based on the above research results, the researchers put forward the countermeasures and suggestions from the government, employers, colleges and students. At the government level, we should promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, improve the employment incentive policy of graduates and further promote the cooperation between school and enterprise. At the level of college, the students' individual level should set up a reasonable view of employment, improve the comprehensive quality and do a good career planning.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G717.38

【参考文献】