职教中校企合作的现状与发展对策研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 20:58

【摘要】：发展职业教育，是我国进行产业结构调整，发展经济的迫切需要。但是目前职业教育却存在很多问题：办学机制不够灵活、教育观念落后、管理体制陈旧、人才培养的数量和质量与市场需求还有较大差距，使许多职业学校的毕业生就业率高但就业质量却很低。现阶段职业教育不仅是规模性的发展，更是结构性优化和质量的提升，而“校企合作”正是实现这一目标的唯一途径。随着职业教育改革的不断深入，实施校企合作的职业学校与企业的数量正逐渐增加，但是合作质量依旧很低，原因是对校企合作没有较为系统和完整的研究，社会各界对校企合作有着不同的理解，面临着工作组织不落实，缺乏相关政策和制度等诸多问题,校企合作还不够深入，合作还只是浅层次的合作，没有达到理想的效果。因此，，要使校企合作深入开展，提高人才培养质量和数量，满足企业及社会的需要，不仅需要加强理论研究，完善政策法规健全机制，对各地好的经验加以总结借鉴，还应结合我国国情及各地经济发展状况和各专业特点进行适宜的合作。为此本文分为四部分：第一部分在绪论中提出所要研究的问题，写作的思路和方法，并对校企合作的概念进行界定。第二部分以山东省为例，对山东省中职学校校企合作的现状进行论述。着重探讨了合作所取得的成绩；校企合作的主要方式和途径；推动校企合作采取的措施和校企合作存在的问题。第三部分对山东和全国校企合作的制约性因素进行分析。影响合作的主要因素包括：校企合作的法规政策不具体，缺乏操作性；多数中职学校自身实力过于弱小；缺乏校企合作机制；学校与企业存在文化差异。第四部分论述了中职校企合作未来发展面临的新形势和新任务。其面临的新形势是产业转型升级、战略性新兴产业的发展和中职继续深化改革。校企合作未来发展的新任务是促进企业的升级、新兴产业的发展及促进中职的改革。第五部分推进我国中职校企合作办学持续发展对策。这些对策包括校企合作应完善法规并加强考核与评价；加强校企合作机制建设；加强校企合作的工业文化对接；采取转变合作观念，促进合作的多元化；理清合作思路，选择适宜的合作模式；加强中职基础能力建设；营造有利于技能人才发展的环境和条件七个方面。本研究是以中等职业教育校企合作为研究对象，围绕现阶段校企合作的实际发展来论述。笔者认为中职校企合作是一项复杂的工程，合作要深入持续开展，需要社会方方面面的努力，包括完善法律法规、加强机制建设、校企文化对接等方面。只有全社会共同努力校企合作才能深入开展并保证质量。
[Abstract]:The development of vocational education is the urgent need for China to adjust its industrial structure and develop its economy. However, there are many problems in vocational education at present: the mechanism of running a school is not flexible enough, the concept of education is backward, the management system is old, and the quantity and quality of personnel training still have a big gap with the market demand. The employment rate of graduates from many vocational schools is high but the quality of employment is very low. At present, vocational education is not only the development of scale, but also the optimization of structure and the improvement of quality. "School-enterprise cooperation" is the only way to achieve this goal. With the deepening of vocational education reform, the number of vocational schools and enterprises carrying out the cooperation between schools and enterprises is increasing gradually, but the quality of cooperation is still very low, because there is no systematic and complete research on the cooperation between schools and enterprises. All walks of life have different understanding of school-enterprise cooperation, faced with many problems, such as not carrying out work organization, lack of relevant policies and systems, and so on. The cooperation between school and enterprise is not deep enough, and cooperation is only superficial cooperation, which does not achieve the ideal effect. Therefore, in order to carry out the cooperation between school and enterprise in depth, improve the quality and quantity of personnel training, meet the needs of enterprises and society, we should not only strengthen theoretical research, perfect the mechanism of policies and regulations, but also sum up and learn from the good experiences of various places. It is also necessary to cooperate with the national conditions, the economic development and the characteristics of various specialties. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part in the introduction to put forward the problems to be studied, writing ideas and methods, and to define the concept of cooperation between schools and enterprises. The second part takes Shandong Province as an example to discuss the current situation of school-enterprise cooperation in secondary vocational schools in Shandong province. The achievements of the cooperation, the main ways and means of the cooperation between the school and the enterprise, the measures taken to promote the cooperation between the school and the enterprise and the problems existing in the cooperation between the school and the enterprise are discussed emphatically. The third part analyzes the restrictive factors of the cooperation between Shandong and national schools and enterprises. The main factors influencing cooperation include: the laws and policies of cooperation between school and enterprise are not specific and lack of operation; most secondary vocational schools are too weak in strength; they lack the mechanism of cooperation between schools and enterprises; and there are cultural differences between schools and enterprises. The fourth part discusses the new situation and new task of the future development of secondary vocational school-enterprise cooperation. The new situation it faces is industrial transformation and upgrading, the development of strategic emerging industries and the deepening reform of secondary vocational schools. The new task of cooperation between school and enterprise in the future is to promote the upgrading of enterprises, the development of new industries and the reform of secondary vocational schools. The fifth part is to promote the sustainable development of secondary vocational school-enterprise cooperation. These countermeasures include perfecting laws and regulations and strengthening assessment and evaluation for cooperation between schools and enterprises; strengthening the construction of cooperation mechanism between schools and enterprises; strengthening the industrial cultural docking of cooperation between schools and enterprises; taking changes in the concept of cooperation and promoting the diversity of cooperation; and clarifying the ideas of cooperation. Choose the appropriate cooperation mode; strengthen the basic ability construction of secondary vocational school; create the environment and conditions conducive to the development of skilled personnel in seven aspects. This research takes the secondary vocational education school-enterprise cooperation as the research object, and discusses the actual development of the school-enterprise cooperation at the present stage. The author thinks that the cooperation between secondary vocational schools and enterprises is a complex project, which needs the efforts of all aspects of society, including perfecting the laws and regulations, strengthening the construction of the mechanism, docking the culture of the schools and enterprises, and so on. Only when the whole society works together can the cooperation between schools and enterprises be carried out in depth and ensure the quality.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G712;F279.2

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