幼儿入园焦虑的音乐治疗——基于“同质原则”的尝试

发布时间：2018-01-04 20:22

本文关键词：幼儿入园焦虑的音乐治疗——基于“同质原则”的尝试　出处：《学前教育研究》2011年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：3岁左右新入园的幼儿普遍存在分离焦虑。在当前幼儿园教育实践中,教师一般通过摆事实、讲道理或分散幼儿注意力的办法加以疏导,但这实质上只是让幼儿暂时回避了与依恋对象分离的事实,而没有真正消解幼儿的分离焦虑。长此以往,这种焦虑带来的心理创伤会集聚在幼儿的潜意识里,并对孩子一生的发展造成不利影响。音乐治疗是缓解情绪压力、调节负面情绪的有效手段,在将音乐治疗引入幼儿分离焦虑的治疗中时,必须遵循"同质原则",即首先使用与幼儿目前情绪状态同步的音乐,让音乐与幼儿的情绪产生共鸣,然后再通过逐步改变音乐的情感特点来改变幼儿的情绪状态。如可以先创设故事情境,展现与依恋对象分离的具体情景,而后给孩子们提供各种打击乐器,让他们随意根据自己的感受与情绪来敲打乐器,让乐器发生任意节奏的声音。在孩子们尽情渲泄后,再进入情绪安抚环节,由教师讲道理,并带着孩子们进行简单有趣的音乐律动活动。孩子们的分离焦虑会因充分释放而得到显著缓解,由先前的哭闹不止、拒绝活动到后来的积极参与,都表明根据"同质原则"设计的音乐治疗活动能够有效地缓解幼儿的分离焦虑,是治疗幼儿分离焦虑的有效的、恰当的手段与途径。
[Abstract]:In the current kindergarten education practice, teachers generally through the facts, reasonable or distracting the attention of children to dredge. But in essence, it only causes the children to avoid the fact that they are separated from the objects of attachment temporarily, and does not really resolve the separation anxiety of the children. In the long run, the psychological trauma caused by this anxiety will gather in the children's subconscious mind. Music therapy is an effective means to relieve emotional pressure and regulate negative emotions, when music therapy is introduced into the treatment of children's separation anxiety. Must follow "homogeneity principle", namely first uses the music which synchronizes with the child's present mood state, lets the music and the child's emotion have the resonance. Then by gradually changing the emotional characteristics of music to change the emotional state of young children. Such as the creation of story situations to show the specific situation separated from the object of attachment and then to provide children with a variety of percussion instruments. Let them freely according to their feelings and emotions to play musical instruments, so that the instrument has any rhythm of sound. After the children let out heartily, then into the emotional comfort link, by the teacher reason. Children's separation anxiety can be significantly alleviated by full release, from previous wailing, rejection to later active participation. It is shown that the music therapy activities designed according to the "homogeneity principle" can effectively alleviate the separation anxiety of young children, and it is an effective and appropriate means and means to treat the separation anxiety of young children.
【作者单位】：河北大学药学院;河北大学外语学院;河北大学艺术学院;
【基金】：河北省科技厅科技计划项目“影响幼儿园教师性别结构的因素及对策研究”(课题号:094572169)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：G612
【正文快照】： 一、问题提出幼儿分离焦虑是幼儿与其依恋对象分离时产生的过度焦虑情绪,表现为恐惧、焦虑、紧张和不安[。1]有关研究表明,3岁左右新入园的幼儿普遍存在分离焦虑[。2]这种焦虑若得不到及时的关注而持续时间过长,将极大地影响幼儿的心理发展水平和其对幼儿园生活的适应。在幼

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