幼儿教师体育活动中对幼儿基本动作指导的研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 03:23

本文关键词： 幼儿教师体育活动基本动作指导　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,培养可爱睿智身心健康的孩子是家长们共同的心愿。健康领域中的体育活动是幼儿一日生活中重要的教育活动,其中基本动作的发展是体育活动的重要内容。基本动作的发展不仅能锻炼幼儿的体格,增强幼儿的体质,还能帮助幼儿拓宽自身的视野,建立乐观开朗的性格以及帮助其和同伴之间建立亲密无间的友谊。因为幼儿基本动作的发展是一个循序渐进的过程,如果教师能够从幼儿的最近发展区和动作发展序列的基础上对其展开有针对性的指导,找到健康教育中的核心经验,那么是可以帮助幼儿动作的习得,促进幼儿的身心健康。笔者通过在幼儿园实地观察,发现教师在指导幼儿基本动作中存在或多或少的问题,因此,本研究就聚焦于教师对幼儿基本动作的指导,探究目前幼儿教师对幼儿基本动作指导中教师指导存在的问题,并分析教师存在问题的原因。笔者观察了三个幼儿园中的60名教师,搜集的86个案例中共有42个关于7大基本动作的有效案例,并对60名教师进行半结构化访谈。将观察法,访谈法和案例分析法相结合,通过对案例的分析与整理,笔者发现教师在动作指导中的表现为:忽视针对动作本身的指导,更加重视安全的提示、规则的强调和人际交往的处理;动作指导的内容主要来源于体育教材、教师的日常经验和对幼儿的观察;不了解基本动作的核心经验,指导中没有结合幼儿的已有动作水平、没有按照动作发展序列进行、没有考虑到幼儿动作进一步的发展方向;指导对象多指向集体幼儿;以民间传统游戏为主要活动形式以及指导中出现不具体的评价等等。本研究基于研究结论,本着真正的以幼儿为中心,从健康教育的角度出发,提出了一些启示与建议:第一、加强对幼儿基本动作发展价值的认识;第二、注重幼儿健康领域核心知识的积累;第三、要提升自身的幼儿体育教学经验;第四、注意使用有具体内容的评价。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, it is the common wish of parents to cultivate children with lovely and wise physical and mental health. Sports activities in the field of health is an important educational activity in the children's life in 1st. The development of basic movements is an important part of sports activities. The development of basic movements can not only exercise children's physique, enhance children's physique, but also help children broaden their own vision. Build an optimistic and cheerful personality and help build a close friendship between them and their peers. This is because the development of children's basic movements is a gradual process. If teachers can guide children from their proximal development area and action development sequence to find the core experience in health education, it can help children to learn the action. Through field observation in kindergarten, the author finds that there are more or less problems in guiding children's basic actions. Therefore, this study focuses on teachers' guidance to children's basic actions. This paper probes into the problems existing in the teachers' guidance of preschool children's basic movements and analyzes the causes of the problems. The author observes 60 teachers in three kindergartens. A total of 42 effective cases of 7 basic actions were collected from 86 cases, and 60 teachers were interviewed with semi-structured interviews. The method of observation, interview and case analysis were combined. Through the analysis and arrangement of the cases, the author finds that the teachers' behavior in the action guidance is as follows: neglecting the instruction of the action itself, paying more attention to the hint of safety, emphasizing the rules and dealing with the interpersonal communication; The content of action guidance mainly comes from physical education textbooks, teachers' daily experience and observation of children. Do not understand the core experience of basic movements, the guidance did not combine the existing level of children's movements, did not follow the sequence of action development, did not take into account the further development direction of children's actions; Most of the guiding objects are directed towards the group children; Folk traditional games as the main form of activities and the guidance of non-specific evaluation and so on. This study based on the conclusions of the study in the true focus on young children from the point of view of health education. Some enlightenments and suggestions are put forward: first, to strengthen the understanding of the development value of children's basic actions; Second, pay attention to the accumulation of core knowledge in the field of infant health; Third, to promote their own experience in physical education; 4th, pay attention to the use of specific content of the evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G613.7

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