政府和社会资本合作（PPP）项目价格机制研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 13:34

本文关键词：政府和社会资本合作（PPP）项目价格机制研究　出处：《中国财政科学研究院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了解决公共服务领域产品数量匮乏、同质化单一化严重、有效投资不足、东西部及城乡差距大等问题,2014年,财政部会同各部门按照党中央国务院有关部署,根据党的十八届三中全会《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》精神,把政府和社会资本合作(Public Private Partnership,PPP)由过去简单的政府市场化投融资手段全面提升为一种综合性的公共服务市场化、社会化供给方式,充分利用社会市场的力量,全面增加、优化、提升公共服务的数量和质量。PPP改革是一项以供给侧结构性改革为主,需求拉动为辅的改革,是全面深化改革的一部分。价格机制是落实PPP改革的关键一环。当前,我国公共服务领域价格整体水平偏低,产生了诸多不合理现象;价格手段不够多样化,PPP模式下传统成本加成模式面临着基于信息不对称的社会资本成本“黑箱”和缺乏激励相容机制等难题;PPP项目价格竞争存在两种极端,一是滥用采购方式,盲目扩大竞争性磋商、竞争性谈判和单一来源采购适用范围,竞争不充分导致价格偏高,二是低价抢标,恶意竞争,价格过低无法满足社会资本收益需求,导致全生命周期服务质量下滑。因此,理顺PPP项目价格机制,充分发挥价格杠杆的作用,对于更科学有效可持续地利用财政资源、鼓励和引导社会资本投资、稳定社会资本收益预期、加速项目落地以及保障公共利益具有重要意义。在深刻把握新形势下我国PPP发展内涵的基础上,通过系统梳理研究传统价格监管理论、市场成熟国家PPP价格机制经验、国内外典型PPP项目定价调价实践成果,并结合调研情况和我国实际,本文从价格机制系统论的角度出发,指出我国PPP项目价格机制在价前设计环节存在法律制度不健全的问题;在价中管理环节缺乏科学合理的定价机制、调价机制,且难以掌握真实成本信息;在价后评估环节则存在价格监管能力有待加强、价后绩效评价体系不健全等问题。对此,本文提出,价前设计应主要考虑价格原则,解决“基础环境”的问题;价中管理主要考虑价格模式,解决“怎么付”的问题;价后评估主要考虑价格绩效,解决“效益如何”的问题,具体对策建议如下:一是优化完善PPP项目价格顶层设计;二是明确PPP项目价格机制的基本原则;三是建立健全PPP项目定价机制;四是加快完善PPP项目价格动态调整机制;五是加强PPP项目价格监管能力建设;六是完善PPP项目价后绩效评价体系。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the lack of public services, number of products homogenization serious, single effective investment insufficiency, the southwest and the gap between urban and rural areas and other issues, in 2014, the Ministry of finance departments in accordance with the Party Central Committee and the State Council on the deployment, according to the party's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee "decision" of the CPC Central Committee on deepening reform of the overall number of major issues, the government and the social capital cooperation (Public Private Partnership, PPP) from the past simple government market financing means to enhance a comprehensive public service marketization, socialization supply, make full use of social forces of the market, the quantity and quality of the overall increase, optimize and enhance the public service. The reform of PPP is a reform based on the structural reform of the supply side, supplemented by demand, and is a part of the comprehensive deepening of the reform. The price mechanism is the key link in the implementation of the PPP reform. At present, the overall price level of the public service in China is low, resulting in many unreasonable price; enough means diversification, the traditional cost plus model under PPP mode based on information asymmetry facing social capital cost of the "black box" and the lack of incentive mechanism and other problems; PPP project price competition there are two extremes, one is the abuse of procurement, blind expansion of competitive negotiation, competitive negotiation and the applicable scope of single source procurement, insufficient competition leads to high prices, the two is the price bidding, malicious competition, low prices can not meet the demand of social capital gains, resulting in the whole life cycle of service quality decline. Therefore, rationalize the price mechanism of PPP project, make full use of price leverage, more scientific and effective for the sustainable use of financial resources, encourage and guide social capital and social capital, stable earnings expectations, accelerate the project landing and safeguard the public interest is of great significance. Under the new situation based on grasping the connotation of PPP development in China, through the typical PPP project systematically research on traditional theory of price regulation, market price mechanism, PPP mature countries experience at home and abroad pricing price adjustment practice, and combined with the research and practice of China, this article from the price mechanism of system theory, pointed out that the price mechanism China's PPP projects in the price before the design of the legal system is not perfect; lack of price management in scientific and rational pricing mechanism, the price adjustment mechanism, and it is difficult to grasp the real cost information; in the price assessment link exists price regulation ability needs to strengthen, price performance evaluation system is not perfect. In this regard, the price before the design should mainly consider the price principle, to solve the "environment" problem; the main consideration in price price management mode, to solve the "how" problem; price assessment mainly consider price performance, solve the "benefit" of the problem, specific countermeasures and suggestions as follows: one is the perfect price the top-level design of the PPP project; two is the basic principle of the price mechanism clear PPP project; the three is to establish and perfect the PPP project pricing mechanism; four is to accelerate the improvement of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of PPP project price; the five is to strengthen the PPP project price supervision ability construction; the six is to improve the price of PPP project performance evaluation system.
【学位授予单位】：中国财政科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F283

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