农业科技推广、资本深化与就业替代——基于国家科技富民强县专项行动计划的实证分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:09

本文关键词：农业科技推广、资本深化与就业替代——基于国家科技富民强县专项行动计划的实证分析　出处：《经济学家》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：用科技创新引领、驱动农业发展,是我国在经济新常态下巩固农业之基础地位、破解"三农问题"的核心战略。农业科技推广通过将科技创新成果转化为现实生产力,构成战略实施过程中重要的政策着力点。本文着眼于农业生产过程中的资本与劳动两大要素,利用倾向得分匹配法及双重差分法对我国具有代表性的农业科技推广政策——国家科技富民强县专项行动计划的政策效果进行了实证评估,考察了该政策与农村就业、资本深化之间的因果关系。研究发现该计划虽然没有显著拉动农村就业,但能够显著提高人均农业机械动力使用量。相应的政策含义是,以该计划为代表的农业科技推广政策是深化资本、推广技术,提高农业科技含量的有效途径;但由于农业科技的推广与使用具有劳动替代的特征,农业科技推广政策对农村就业的拉动作用受科技的"劳动替代性"特点的限制,政府在制定农业科技推广政策时需高度关注农村就业问题。
[Abstract]:Using scientific and technological innovation to lead and drive the development of agriculture is the core strategy for China to consolidate the basic position of agriculture and solve the "three rural problems" under the new normal economy. Agricultural science and technology popularization is an important policy focus in the process of strategic implementation by transforming the achievements of scientific and technological innovation into practical productive forces. Capital and labor, this paper focuses on the process of agricultural production in the two elements, the popularization of agricultural science and technology policy, National Science and technology Fumin County special action plan policies and make empirical evaluation using the propensity score matching method and double difference method in the representative of China, examine the causal relationship between the policy and employment, capital to deepen the rural. The study found that although the plan did not significantly promote rural employment, it could significantly increase the use of per capita agricultural mechanical power. The corresponding policy implication is that the plan for the popularization of agricultural science and technology policy is the deepening of capital, technology promotion, effective way to improve the content of agricultural science and technology; but because of the promotion of agricultural science and technology and has the characteristics of labor substitution, labor substitution characteristics limit the popularization of agricultural science and technology policy on rural industry by stimulating effect science and technology ", government needs to pay high attention to the rural employment policy in agricultural science and technology promotion.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所;中央财经大学经济学院;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金“中国农业科技体制改革、农业技术变迁与农业发展”(2016M600159) 国家自然科学基金面上项目“能源价格波动、信息化投资和技术进步对我国低碳经济增长的影响——基于IGEM模型与微观模拟联接模型的研究”(71573291) 北京高校中国特色社会主义理论协同创新中心(中央财经大学)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：F249.2;F323.3
【正文快照】： ——基于国家科技富民强县专项行动计划的实证分析引言“三农问题”一直是中国经济发展过程中的棘手问题。改革开放初期,政府试图通过实行诸如家庭联产承包责任制等农村经济体制方面的改革来推动农业发展,这一制度变革取得了明显成效:经过30多年的发展,中国的经济社会结构发生

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