我国公众参与食品安全监管问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 20:17

  本文关键词：我国公众参与食品安全监管问题研究　出处：《东北师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 公众参与 食品安全监管 立法 决策 执法

【摘要】：食品安全监管失灵导致了我国当前严峻的食品安全形势。从造成食品安全监管失灵的主要原因来看,除却监管模式滞后和监管职权滥用的内在因素外,公众参与缺失的外在因素也是其不容忽视的原因。面对当前严峻的食品安全形势,公民提出了公众参与的权利主张,针对食品安全监管改革的现实需求,政府监管部门也提出了公众参与的解决途径。以公众参与意识为代表的民主自觉,是政治生态文明建设的重要方向,同时也是法治社会所需要的思想基础。公众参与食品安全监管,是一种符合社会发展潮流的必然趋势,同时也是我国当前解决食品安全问题的应然选择。然而遗憾的是,我国现有的食品安全方面的相关立法只是在形式上表述了公众参与的内容,缺乏深入的系统构建。这种没有制度保障性的立法规定使公众参与食品安全监管只能流于其表,难以具化和实现。从当前的实践情况来看,集中在立法、决策和执法监管环节的公众参与问题较为突出。规范性的缺失造成了我国公众参与食品安全监管混乱和无效的现状,既不利于保障公众的合法权益,也不利于有效地防范食品安全风险。本文的研究是在充分肯定以公众为主体的社会力量能够对当前以政府为主体的食品安全监管模式产生正面效应的立场上，，从公众参与食品安全监管的基本理论出发,界定相关概念并梳理有关理论,以此作为研究的必要前提；从我国公众参与食品安全监管的现实语境、现实诉求和现实条件三个层面说明公众参与是为解决食品安全监管失灵的现实选择,以此作为研究的进路；从我出公众参与食品安全监管的实然状况入手,对参与的现状加以考察,分析出监管立法、决策和执法当中存在的主要问题,以此作为研究的思路；从域外公众参与食品安全监管的法制和实践经验着眼,对这种带有一定借鉴意义的可行性经验予以归纳总结,以此作为完善的启示；从公众参与食品安全监管的过程出发,提出化解食品安全监管立法、决策、执法环节公众参与问题的建议,以此作为完善的路径,进而最大化地解决公众参与食品安全监管问题。本文围绕以上内容分为五章具体展开：第一章,公众参与食品安全监管研究的基本理论。首先,从文章紧密围绕的两个概念入手,对“公众参与”和“食品安全监管”这两个贯穿全文始终的关键词进行概念界定。通过对“公众参与”、“公民参与”、“公共参与”概念的比较分析,廓清本文公众参与的语义,即公众参与主要是指公共领域内的具有共同利益、兴趣的社会群体通过一定的渠道和方式参加公共事务管理,并能对公共决策形成影响作用的民主化公共管理方式；通过对“食品”、“食品安全”、“食品安全监管”概念的递进式分析明晰研究的指向,正确把握食品安全监管的目标。其次,通过对公众参与食品安全监管理论缘起和理论基础的考察,为本文提供理论依据。参与民主理论为公众参与食品安全监管提供了理论支持,在人民主权、程序正义、监管失灵的理论基础上,肯定了公众参与食品安全监管的正当性与必要性。第二章,我国公众参与食品安全监管的现实选择。首先,本章从我国当前既有的立法和实践状况出发,廓清了我国公众参与食品安全监管的现实语境。其次,从“公众参与是规制食品安全风险的应然选择”、“是提升食品监管水平的客观要求”的微观角度和“公众参与是促进政治生态文明的内在需求”、“是实现社会和谐共治的重要保障”的宏观视角对本研究的现实意义进行阐释。最后,从政治、经济、社会三个方面考察和论证以公众为主体参与食品安全监管的可行性问题。第三章,我国公众参与食品安全监管的实然考察。从我国当前公众参与食品安全监管的总体情况来看,由于缺少对公众参与规范化的引导,公众往往难以在监管过程中实现合理有序的参与。为了能够有效发挥公众参与的积极作用、保障公众民主权利的实现,文章从食品安全监管的主要环节出发,将现有的公众参与食品安全监管问题纳入到监管过程的框架加以分析。在立法环节,公众参与食品安全监管存在公众参与权不完整、参与环节有限和参与规范性欠缺的主要问题；在决策环节,公众参与食品安全监管存在缺少决策资格和决策空间的问题；在执法环节,公众参与食品安全监管主要在正式听证程序中存在听证会适用范围有限、听证会笔录效力不统一、听证会主持人缺乏充分公正性的问题。在非正式听证程序中存在适用范围不明确、主体限定范围过小、效力不明确的问题。第四章,域外公众参与食品安全监管的经验样本。对以美国、日本、欧盟这些具有代表性的经验样本加以分析。着重考察美国、日本、欧盟在公众参与监管立法、决策、执法方面的情况,总结出三者共同的特点：食品安全监管法制完善、公众参与监管决策具有充分的制度保障性、公众参与执法监管在组织结构和人员结构上具有民主性、公众参与组织化程度高。第五章,我国公众参与食品安全监管的完善路径。本章从公众参与食品安全监管的立法、决策、执法三个环节出发,通过规范公众参与食品安全监管立法的制定、提升公众参与食品安全监管决策的能力、增强公众参与食品安全监管执法的水平三个方面寻求完善的主要路径。在立法环节上,通过明确公众参与食品安全监管立法的基本原则、具体形式以及匹配反馈制度的具体措施加以完善；在决策环节上,从明确公众参与食品安全监管决策的内在机理、合理配置决策权的具体内容加以完善；在执法环节上,从确立公众参与食品安全监管执法的基本目标展开,从科学设计公众参与食品安全监管的方式和路径入手。通过解决公众参与食品安全监管执法正式听证程序、非正式听证程序中参与权力不足、效力不高的两大主要问题破解公众参与食品安全监管执法的现实疑难。
[Abstract]:The food safety regulatory failure led to China's food security situation is grim. The current from the main causes of regulatory failure in food safety, the internal factors except the supervision mode and lag abuse authority, external factors of public participation is the lack of reason can not be ignored. In face of the grim situation of food safety, citizens made public in the claims, according to practical needs of food safety regulatory reform, the government also put forward to solve the way of public participation. The public participation consciousness as the representative of the democratic consciousness, is an important direction of the political ideological foundation of ecological civilization construction, but also the rule of law social need. Public participation in food safety supervision, is a the inevitable trend in line with the trend of social development, but also inevitable choice of China's current food safety problem. Unfortunately, I The relevant legislation of China food safety aspects of the current is in the form of expression of public participation, lack of systematic and in-depth construction. This system legislation of the public participation in food safety supervision can only become the table, and difficult to achieve. With the actual situation of the current situation, focus on legislation, decision-making and law enforcement supervision of public participation problems are more prominent. The normative is caused by the lack of public participation in our country food safety regulatory confusion and invalid situation, is not conducive to the protection of the legitimate interests of the public, is not conducive to effectively prevent food safety risk. The research of this paper is in full affirmation to the public as the main social forces can produce the positive effect of the current to the government as the main food safety supervision mode of the position, starting from the basic theory of public participation in the supervision of food safety, the definition of the relevant concept The concept and related theories, as the prerequisite of the study; from the realistic context of food safety supervision in China's public participation in the three aspects of reality and reality condition that public participation is to solve the realistic choice of regulatory failure in food safety, as the research approach; starting from the reality of my public participation in food safety supervision, to participate in the present investigation, analysis of the regulatory legislation, the main problems and decision-making among law enforcement, as a research mentality; from the perspective of food safety supervision in foreign public law and practical experience, the experience with the feasibility of certain significance to be summarized as perfect enlightenment; starting from the process of public participation in the supervision of food safety, food safety supervision put forward to resolve the problems in legislation, decision-making, public law enforcement suggestions to This is the perfect path, and maximize the public participation to solve the problem of food safety supervision. This paper focuses on the above content is divided into five chapters: the first chapter, the basic theory of public participation in food safety supervision. First of all, from the concept of two articles focusing on the start of "public participation" and "food safety supervision" these two keywords throughout this paper define the concept. Based on the "public participation", "citizen participation", "comparative analysis of public participation" concept, this paper clarifies semantic of public participation, public participation is mainly refers to the public domain with a common interest, interest groups to participate in social public affairs management through certain channels and ways, and on public policy formation effects of the democratization of public management; through the "food", "food safety", "food safety supervision Progressive tube "concept analysis points to a clear research, correctly grasp the food safety supervision objectives. Secondly, through the investigation of participation in food safety supervision theoretical origin and theoretical foundation of the public, to provide a theoretical basis for this paper. The theory of participatory democracy provides theoretical support for public participation in food safety supervision, the people's sovereignty, procedural justice. Based on the theory of regulatory failure, affirmed the legitimacy and necessity of public participation in the supervision of food safety. In the second chapter, the realistic choice of food safety supervision and public participation in our country. Firstly, this chapter from the current existing legislation and practice situation, clarifies the realistic context of public participation in China's food safety supervision. Secondly, from the" public participation is the choice of "ought to be regulation of food safety risk," is the objective requirement to enhance the food supervision level of the micro perspective and "public participation and promotion The internal demand "political ecological civilization," explains the practical significance of the macro perspective is an important guarantee for the realization of social harmony "governance of this research. Finally, from the political, economic, the problem of three aspects of social investigation and argumentation to the public as the main body to participate in food safety supervision. In the third chapter, food inspection safety supervision of public participation in our country reality. From the overall situation of China's current public participation in the supervision of food safety, due to the lack of public participation in the standardized guidance, the public is often difficult in the regulatory process to achieve an orderly participation. In order to effectively play the positive role of public participation in the implementation of public security, democratic rights. This article from the main part of food safety supervision of the existing public participation in food safety supervision into the regulatory framework to analyze the process. In the legislative process, public participation And food safety supervision has the right of public participation is not complete, in part limited and lack of participation in the decision-making process, the main problem; public participation in food safety supervision and lack of qualification and decision decision space problem; in the process of law enforcement, public participation in food safety supervision mainly in the formal hearing procedure in hearing limited scope, hearing effect of the record of the hearing is not unified, lack of full fairness issue. There is scope is not clear in the informal hearing procedure, the main scope is too small, the effect is not clear. In the fourth chapter, empirical sample participation in food safety supervision of the public. The extraterritorial to the United States, Japan, the EU representative sample experience analyze. Focuses on the United States, Japan, EU decision-making in public participation in legislation, law enforcement, aspects of the situation, summed up the three total The same characteristics: improve the food safety regulatory legal system, public participation in regulatory decisions with institutional guarantee full public participation, democratic supervision of law enforcement in the organizational structure and personnel structure, public participation in the high degree of organization. In the fifth chapter, the path to improve the food safety supervision of public participation in our country. This chapter from the public to participate in food safety the regulatory legislation, decision-making, enforcement of the three links, through the establishment of food safety supervision and regulation of public participation in legislation, to enhance the ability of public participation in food safety supervision decision, three aspects to enhance public participation in food safety supervision and law enforcement level for main route to perfect. In the legislative process, the basic principles of food safety supervision in legislation clear public, to perfect the specific form and specific measures, feedback system; in the decision-making process, from the clear public participation in food safety The internal mechanism of regulatory decisions, to improve the specific content of the rational allocation of decision-making power; in the process of law enforcement, from the basic goal of establishing public participation in food safety supervision and law enforcement, starting from the food safety supervision and public participation in scientific design way and path. By solving the food safety supervision and law enforcement of public participation in the formal hearing procedure, lack of power participation in the informal hearing procedure, the food safety supervision and law enforcement in the two main problems of inefficient public break reality problems.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F203;D621.5


本文编号：1366044