我国城镇化对粮食生产技术效率的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 13:26

  本文关键词：我国城镇化对粮食生产技术效率的影响研究　出处：《华中农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 城镇化 粮食生产 技术效率 人口城镇化 土地城镇化 经济城镇化

【摘要】：城镇化是中国现代化不可逾越的发展阶段,是我国最大的内需潜力和发展动力所在。积极稳妥地推进城镇化,对解决农业、农民和农村问题,促进传统农业向现代农业的转型具有重要的意义。城镇化发展对于粮食生产来说是一把“双刃剑”,一方面,城镇化发展促进了粮食生产技术的进步,生产要素的集聚,粮食生产方式的转变,以及农村剩余劳动力的转移,另一方面,城镇化发展也造成了一定的不利影响,农村人口“非农化”、耕地“非粮化”、水土资源“污损化”、粮食种植主体“老弱化”等现象呈加剧趋势。城镇化进程中,劳动力、土地等粮食生产基本要素不可避免地会流失一定数量到非农领域,只有提高粮食生产技术水平和粮食生产能力,促进粮食生产技术效率的提高,才能弥补粮食生产要素投入减少所带来的负面影响。那么,城镇化加速进程中,我国粮食生产技术效率变化趋势如何?粮食生产技术效率损失的原因是什么?各粮食生产功能区有何差异?城镇化和粮食生产技术效率之间的关系是什么样的?是“促进”还是“抑制”?城镇化对粮食生产技术效率影响的途径是什么?从宏观和微观层面来看,是否存在差异?为了对这些问题进行解答,本研究围绕这些方面展开了详细分析,对提高粮食生产能力,促进城镇化和粮食生产的协调发展具有重要意义。本文研究内容主要分为八章,主要研究内容和结论如下:第一部分:第1章和和第2章。首先,对本研究的背景、目的、意义、思路、方法以及可能存在的创新点进行了阐述,并对本研究的两个核心概念“城镇化”和“技术效率”进行了界定和说明。然后,对本研究的相关理论基础进行了阐述和分析,并对城镇化和粮食生产技术效率相关的文献进行了梳理和评述,从而为本研究奠定了基础。第二部分:第3章对城镇化和粮食生产发展的现状进行分析。从人口城镇化、土地城镇化、经济城镇化以及城镇化所面临的资源问题等四个方面对我国城镇化发展现状进行了分析,并对劳动力、土地等粮食生产基本要素现状以及粮食生产所面临的环境污染问题进行分析。第三部分:第4章对我国粮食生产技术效率进行测度和分析。在我国粮食生产技术效率测算的基础上,分粮食主产区、主销区和平衡区对粮食生产技术效率的时空趋势、省际差异和动态演进进行了分析,并进一步对粮食生产投入和产出冗余率进行了计算,以分析粮食生产技术效率损失的原因。第四部分:第5章对我国城镇化和粮食生产技术效率的关系进行分析。将城镇化划分为人口城镇化、土地城镇化和经济城镇化等三个子系统,对我国城镇化综合发展水平进行了测算,并分功能区进行了分析,在此基础上又从定性和定量两个角度对我国各功能区城镇化和粮食生产技术效率之间的“促进”和“抑制”关系进行了分析。第五部分:第6章和第7章。基于宏观和微观两个视角,从人口、土地和经济三个方面,对城镇化给粮食生产技术效率造成的影响进行了分析。基于宏观层面分析时,将考察期划分为四个阶段,分析了城镇化对粮食生产技术效率影响的时间差异,并将环境变量纳入到粮食生产技术效率测算框架,分析了环境约束下城镇化对粮食生产技术效率的影响。基于微观农户层面,利用湖北和河南两省17个乡镇,48个行政村的477份随机调查农户数据,分析了城镇化对农户粮食生产技术效率的影响。本研究的研究结论为:(1)总体而言,我国粮食生产技术效率和全要素生产率呈现出波动式上升趋势,但存在功能区差异。(2)全国整体而言,粮食生产技术效率损失的原因主要集中在粮食生产投入要素方面,产出不足不是我国粮食生产技术效率损失的原因,机械总动力投入过量和劳动力投入过量是导致粮食生产技术效率损失的两大原因,就各功能区和省份而言,效率损失的原因有所差异。(3)我国整体层面城镇化各子系统发展水平在考察期内都呈上升趋势,其中,土地城镇化的发展水平最高,经济城镇化次之,人口城镇化发展水平最低,各粮食生产功能区有所不同。城镇化和粮食生产技术效率存在相互促进和约束的关系,二者的长期均衡关系对短期的影响存在功能区差异性,总体来说,城镇化和粮食生产技术效率响应之间的变动为正,并逐渐趋向一个稳定的水平。(4)基于宏观层面,人口城镇化、土地城镇化和经济城镇化对粮食生产技术效率的影响存在时间差异。环境约束下,人口城镇化有利于粮食主销区和平衡区粮食生产环境技术效率提升,对粮食主产区则相反。土地城镇化和经济城镇化不利于全国及各粮食生产功能区粮食生产环境技术效率的提升。(5)基于微观层面,在现有的技术和投入产出水平下,样本农户的粮食生产技术效率还有32%的提升空间。人口城镇化和经济城镇化对粮食生产技术效率的提升有正影响,土地城镇化对粮食生产技术效率的影响为负。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is the development stage Chinese modernization impassable, is China's largest domestic demand potential and development motivation. Actively and steadily promote urbanization, to solve the problem of agriculture, farmers and rural issues, has important significance to promote the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. The development of urbanization for grain production is a double-edged sword "on the one hand, the development of urbanization to promote grain production and technological progress, the agglomeration of production factors, change the grain production mode, and the transfer of rural surplus labor, on the other hand, the development of urbanization has caused some adverse effects of rural population, non-agricultural land," non food "the water and soil resources" fouling ", such as the main" old weakening "cultivation of food phenomenon increased. In the process of urbanization, labor, land and other basic elements of grain production will inevitably lose a certain number To non-agricultural areas, only to improve food production technology and food production capacity, promote the technical efficiency of food production increase, in order to make up for the grain production input factors to reduce the negative influence. So, the acceleration of urbanization process, how the production technical efficiency change trend of grain in China? What is the reason for the grain production efficiency loss? The grain production area differences? The relationship between technical efficiency and grain production in town is what kind of? Is to "promote" or "suppression"? What is the way of urbanization on the technical efficiency of food production. Loud? From the macro and micro level, whether there are differences in order to carry out the answers to these questions? The research on these aspects, a detailed analysis of improving grain production capacity, is of great significance to promote the coordinated development of towns and grain production. This paper studies The main content is divided into eight chapters, the main contents and conclusions are as follows: the first part: the first chapter and the second chapter. Firstly, the background of this study, purpose, significance, ideas, methods and innovations are described, and two core concepts of this research town "and" the technical efficiency "was defined and explained. Then, the relevant theoretical basis of this research are described and analyzed, and related to the technical efficiency of urbanization and grain production in the literature was reviewed and thus laid the foundation for this study. The second part: the third chapter current situation of the urbanization and the development of grain production analysis from the population urbanization, land urbanization, four aspects of Economic Urbanization and urbanization facing resource problem has carried on the analysis to the current development of China's urbanization, and the basic elements of labor, land and other food production The status quo and problems of environmental pollution faced by grain production were analyzed. The third part: the fourth chapter is to measure and analyze the technical efficiency of grain production in China. Based on the calculation of technical efficiency of China's grain production on the sub grain producing areas, spatial and temporal trends on the technical efficiency of food production areas and areas, and provincial differences the dynamic evolution of the analysis, and further to the grain production input and output redundancy rate were calculated to analyze the reason why the grain production technology efficiency loss. The fourth part: the fifth chapter is the analysis of the relationship between the technical efficiency of China's grain production and urbanization. Urbanization will be divided into population urbanization, land urbanization and economy urbanization and other three subsystems to calculate China's urbanization comprehensive development level, and functional areas are analyzed, on the basis of qualitative and quantitative and from two angles to me Between technical efficiency and grain production in various functional areas of urban "promotion" and "suppression" relations were analyzed. The fifth part: the sixth chapter and the seventh chapter. The macro and micro two perspectives from three aspects based on population, land and economic impact to the technical efficiency of food production caused by the towns of the analysis. Based on the macro level analysis, the study period is divided into four stages, analyzes the influence of urbanization on the technical efficiency of food production time difference, and the environmental variables into the grain production technical efficiency measurement framework, analysis of the impact on the technical efficiency of food production environment under the constraint of urban household level based on micro. The Hubei and Henan two provinces, 17 townships, 477 random household survey data of 48 administrative villages, analyzes the influence of urbanization on the technical efficiency of food production farmers. This research conclusion is: (1) Overall, the technical efficiency of China's grain production and TFP showed increasing trend, but there are differences in functional areas. (2) the overall grain production technology efficiency loss is mainly concentrated in the food production input factors, lack of output is not reason for China's grain production technology efficiency loss, total excessive input power machinery and labor input excess is the two leading cause of food production technology efficiency loss, the functional areas and provinces, causes of efficiency loss vary. (3) the overall level of China's urbanization development level of each subsystem in the study period was increased, the level of land development the highest urbanization, economy urbanization of population urbanization level is lowest, the grain production area is different. The technical efficiency of food production and promote each other and towns The relationship between the beam, the long-term equilibrium relationship between the existence of the two functional areas of difference, short-term impact overall, changes in production technology efficiency between response of urbanization and food is positive, and gradually tends to a stable level. (4) based on the macro level, population urbanization, land urbanization and urban economy the influence on the technical efficiency of food production are time difference. Under the restraint of environment, population urbanization is conducive to the main grain market and the balance of environmental technical efficiency of food production increase, the grain producing areas is contrary. Land urbanization and urbanization is not conducive to the national economy and the grain production area of grain production to improve the efficiency of environmental technology. (5) based on the micro level, the existing technology and the level of input and output, the sample farmers grain production technical efficiency and 32% improvement. Population urbanization and Economic Urbanization on food production Has a positive effect to improve the efficiency of technology, land urbanization impact on the technical efficiency of food production is negative.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F224;F299.21;F326.11
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本文编号：1405445