工资理论从斯密、李嘉图到马克思的发展

发布时间：2018-01-14 23:32

本文关键词：工资理论从斯密、李嘉图到马克思的发展　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要研究马克思主义工资理论的形成和发展过程。古典政治经济学工资理论是马克思主义工资理论形成的基石。亚当·斯密是古典政治经济学奠基人。大卫·李嘉图是古典政治经济学集大成者。本文对古典政治经济学工资理论的研究,着重于这两位代表人物。在此基础上,本文进一步研究了马克思对于两位工资理论批判性的继承和发展,以及自身工资理论的形成过程。本文的第1章是绪论部分,这部分主要介绍了本文的研究背景,以及在当下研究工资理论具有怎样的意义。同时介绍了本文研究使用的三种研究方法以及本文主要的两点创新之处。本文使用的研究方法分别为矛盾分析法、理论研究与历史研究相结合法以及比较分析法。本文的创新之处主要有以下两点:第一,系统考察和归纳马克思主义工资理论的形成完善过程。第二,本文对于马克思主义工资理论的分析建立在和古典政治经济学的比较上,以比较来探究马克思主义工资理论的发展。本文的第2章是以亚当·斯密的经典著作《国富论》为基础,详细阐述了斯密的工资理论体系。这部分首先浅析了斯密工资理论的主要内容,如劳动生产物构成劳动的自然工资、劳动工资是劳动生产物对地租、利润扣除后的余额以及决定劳动工资的二因素等,其次对斯密的工资理论进行了客观的评价。斯密的工资理论以古典政治经济学劳动价值论为基础,并在此基础上界定了劳动工资的性质为“劳动价格”。当然,由于古典政治经济学的劳动价值理论具有双重观点,因此斯密的工资理论也就不可避免的产生了双重观点。本文的第3章是以大卫·李嘉图的经典著作《政治经济学及赋税原理》为基础,详细阐述了李嘉图的工资理论体系。对于李嘉图工资理论的研究,本文借助上一部分,着眼于李嘉图对于古典政治经济学工资理论的发展,如区分了劳动的自然价格与市场价格及二者之间的关系、扩大了劳动自然价格的范围以及阐述了劳动工资、人口增长、资本增长三者之间的关系等,并对李嘉图为工资理论所做出的贡献进行了客观的评价。大卫·李嘉图在之前古典政治经济学家的基础上,进一步论述了分配问题和劳动价值问题,进而构建了更加完善的工资理论体系。李嘉图克服了斯密体系中的矛盾,用抽象演绎的方法抽象出了掩盖在资产阶级生产关系内部的一切东西。这使得李嘉图成为古典政治经济学的集大成者。第4章是本文的重点章节。这一章以卡尔·马克思的经典著作《资本论》为基础,浅析了马克思对于古典政治经济学工资理论的继承、批判和发展。首先,马克思继承了古典经济学以劳动价值论为工资理论的研究基础,继承了古典政治学抽象分析方法,并且继承了古典经济学工资是劳资矛盾体现的观点。其次,在继承的基础上,马克思立场鲜明地指出了古典政治经济学工资理论中不合理的地方并加以批判。马克思论证了劳动创造的价值和劳动力价值是两个不同的量,明确了工资是劳动力的价值。这一根本性的发现塑造了马克思主义政治经济学工资理论。进而马克思开始用历史发展的眼光看待工资问题,提出了工资应考虑的历史和道德因素。本文最后一章是结论,概括了马克思工资理论从继承、批判到发展形成的全过程。马克思继承了古典政治经济学以劳动价值论为工资理论的研究基础,在此基础上批判了古典政治经济学工资理论的非历史性、混淆劳动与劳动力的概念以及最低工资等理论。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the formation of Marx's wage theory and development process. The classical political economics theory of wages is the cornerstone of Marx's theory of wage formation. Adam Simy is the founder of classical political economics. David Ricardo is a master of classical political economics. A study of classical political economics wage theory, this article focuses on the two representatives. On this basis, this paper further studies for the two Marx wage theory critical inheriting and development, as well as their wage theory formation process. The first chapter is the introduction part, this part mainly introduces the research background, what is the significance of the present study and the theory of wages. It also introduces three kinds of using the method of this study and the main innovations. The methods used in this research were divided into contradiction Analysis, theoretical research and historical research combination method and the method of comparative analysis. The main innovations of this paper are the following two points: first, the formation of system investigation and sum up Marx's wage theory to improve the process. Second, this paper for the analysis of Marx's wage theory and built on classical political economics, with the development of comparative to explore Marx's wage theory. The second chapter is the classic "Adam Simy's wealth > as the basis, elaborated the theoretical system of Smith's wages. This part first analyzes the main contents of Smith's theory of wage labor, such as production form of natural labor wages, labor wages is labor for rent the balance of profits, after deducting and labor wage two factors, followed by Smith's theory of wages were objectively evaluated. Smith's wage theory in ancient Classical political economics basis of labor value theory, and then defines the nature of labor wages for labor price. Of course, due to the labor value theory of classical political economics has a dual view, so Smith's theory of wages will inevitably produce double views. The third chapter is the classic "David Ricardo's Political Economics and taxation principle > based, elaborated wage theory system of Ricardo. For the study of Ricardo wage theory, based on the part, focus on the development of Ricardo for the classical political economics wages theory, such as distinguishing the relationship between the natural price and the market price of labor and the two. To expand the scope of labor and expounds the natural price of labor wages, population growth, capital growth in the relationship between the three, and the Ricardo wage theory The contribution of the objective assessment. Based on David Ricardo before the classical political economists, further discusses the distribution and the value of labor, and then construct the wage theory system more perfect. To overcome the contradictions in Ricardo Smith's system, with abstract method is abstracted to cover all the things in the internal assets class production relations. This makes Ricardo become a master of classical political economics. The fourth chapter is the focus of this chapter. This chapter on Karl Max's classic "Das Kapital > based analysis for Marx inherited the classical political economics wage theory, criticism and development. Firstly, Marx inherited the classical economics based on the theory of labor value theory of wages, inherited the method of abstract analysis of classical politics, and inherited the classical economics of wages Is the embodiment of the view of labor conflicts. Secondly, on the basis of inheritance, Marx clearly pointed out the position of classical political economics theory of wages in the unreasonable place and criticism. Marx demonstrates the value of the value of labor and labor is the creation of two different volumes, clear the labor wage is the fundamental value. The discovery of the shaping of Marx's political economics theory. Then Marx began to look at the wage wage problem in the light of the historical development, put forward the historical and moral factors should be considered in salary. The last chapter is conclusion, summarizes Marx's theory from the inheritance, criticism to the development of the whole process. Marx inherited the classical political economics based on the theory of labor value theory of wages, on the basis of the historical criticism of non classical political economics theory of wages, labor and labor confusion The concept of power and the theory of minimum wages.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F091.3;F091.91;F244

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