乌鲁木齐城市化与土地利用变化关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 15:26

本文关键词：乌鲁木齐城市化与土地利用变化关系研究　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市化是当代社会发展的趋势,它的发展与一个国家或地区土地资源的利用是否合理有着不可分割的联系。城市化的快速发展伴随着一系列的社会、经济和环境问题,这对城市的可持续发展造成了一定的阻碍。乌鲁木齐近几年来经济迅速增长,城市化进程不断加快,城市的扩展主要是以外延式扩张为主,土地资源在利用的广度与深度上都在发生着巨大的改变,与城市化发展之间的矛盾也越来越激烈。城市化的发展必然会占据部分的土地资源,但是土地资源又是有限的,不能毫无节制、毫无计划的使用。因此对乌鲁木齐城市化发展与土地利用变化的关系研究是很有意义的。本文基于乌鲁木齐2000~2015年的社会、经济等统计数据,利用SPSS 19.0软件,采用主成分分析法对乌鲁木齐城市化综合水平进行分析。以2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年的Landsat TM遥感影像作为原始数据,利用ENVI 5.2进行监督分类,获取乌鲁木齐耕地、林地、草地、建设用地、水域和未利用地的面积;最后进行相关性分析和灰色关联分析。分析结果如下:(1)将选取的乌鲁木齐城市化各指标项,通过主成分分析得到两个新的城市化子系统,分别是贡献率达到76.310%的社会经济城市化子系统和贡献率达到9.912%的人口空间城市化子系统。由此可见,乌鲁木齐的城市化水平主要是受社会经济城市化水平所影响。2000~2015年乌鲁木齐城市化综合水平总体上来看是呈不断上升的趋势。(2)对乌鲁木齐单一土地利用动态变化计算得出,2000~2015年土地利用变化率从大到小依次为:建设用地、耕地、水域、林地、草地和未利用地。在研究期间除了耕地、草地和未利用地在减少,其它各类土地面积在不同程度上都有所增加,林地和水域在2000~2010年期间都是在增加的,而后一直到2015年是在减少,总体上呈现增加的趋势;乌鲁木齐土地利用综合指数较低,为194.258,总体而言土地利用集约程度较差。由2000~2015年土地利用程度变化量大于0,土地利用变化率大于0,可得出:乌鲁木齐土地利用正处于发展期或者调整期;在2000~2015年整个研究时期,乌鲁木齐的景观多样性指数是持续上升的,说明乌鲁木齐在发展过程中其土地利用类型的多样性逐渐加强。(3)城市化与土地利用结构的关联度排序为:建设用地林地水域草地未利用地耕地。从土地利用类型来看,与城市化综合水平关联度最高的是建设用地,关联度为0.9625,林地的关联度位居第二,关联度为0.9023,剩下的关联度排名依次就是水域、草地、未利用地和耕地,与城市化综合水平的关联度分别为:0.8185、0.7995、0.7760、0.7347。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is the trend of contemporary social development. Its development is closely related to the rational use of land resources in a country or region. The rapid development of urbanization is accompanied by a series of societies. Economic and environmental problems, which caused certain obstacles to the sustainable development of the city. Urumqi economic growth in recent years, the urbanization process is accelerating, the urban expansion is mainly based on the epitaxial expansion. Land resources in the breadth and depth of use are undergoing tremendous changes, and the contradiction between urbanization and the development of more and more intense. The development of urbanization will inevitably occupy part of the land resources. However, land resources are limited and cannot be allowed to go unchecked. Therefore, it is very meaningful to study the relationship between urbanization development and land use change in Urumqi. This paper is based on the social and economic statistics of Urumqi from 2000 to 2015. The comprehensive level of urbanization in Urumqi was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) using SPSS 19.0 software. 2000 and 2005 were used to analyze the comprehensive level of urbanization in Urumqi. In 2010 and 2015, Landsat TM remote sensing images were used as raw data, and ENVI 5.2 was used to monitor and classify the cultivated land, woodland, grassland and construction land in Urumqi. The area of waters and unused land; Finally, the correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis. The results are as follows: 1) the Urumqi urbanization indicators will be selected, through the principal component analysis of two new urbanization subsystems. They are the social and economic urbanization subsystem with the contribution rate of 76.310% and the population spatial urbanization subsystem with the contribution rate of 9.912%. The urbanization level of Urumqi is mainly influenced by the level of social and economic urbanization. The dynamic change of single land use in Urumqi was calculated. From 2000 to 2015, the change rate of land use was in the order of construction land, cultivated land, water area, woodland, grassland and unused land. In addition to cultivated land, grassland and unused land decreased during the study period. Other types of land areas have increased to varying degrees, woodland and water areas in the 2000-#date0# period is increasing, and then until 2015 in the decline. On the whole, there is an increasing trend; The comprehensive index of land use in Urumqi is low, which is 194.258. In general, the intensity of land use is poor. From 2000 to 2015, the change of land use degree is more than 0. The rate of land use change is more than 0, it can be concluded that: Urumqi land use is in the period of development or adjustment; During the whole study period from 2000 to 2015, the landscape diversity index of Urumqi continued to rise. It shows that the diversity of land use types in Urumqi has been gradually strengthened during the development of Urumqi. The order of correlation between urbanization and land use structure is: construction land, forest land, water, grassland, unused land, cultivated land, from the perspective of land use type. The highest degree of correlation with the comprehensive level of urbanization is the construction land, the correlation degree is 0.9625, the correlation degree of forest land is the second, the correlation degree is 0.9023, and the remaining ranking is the water area. The correlation degree of grassland, unused land and cultivated land with the comprehensive level of urbanization is respectively: 0. 0.8185, 0. 799 5, 0. 7760 and 0. 7347.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2;F299.27

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