考虑生产平稳性的排污权初始分配非参数方法及其应用

发布时间：2018-01-20 12:02

本文关键词： 排污权初始分配数据包络分析(DEA) 平稳性　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：排污权初始分配,是指决策者按照一定的标准把有限的污染物排放的权利分配给不同的排污个体。排污权初始分配的重要性,可以从以下的几点得以反应:第一,排污权分配的有效与否决定着排污权交易制度的是否有效;第二,由于在现实的经济生产活动中,存在着垄断竞争,不合理的分配方案会使大量的排污权被分配给一些低效率、垄断性的排污者,给环境资源的高效配置带来负面的影响;第三,排污权配额不仅会影响排污者的生产效率,也会影响到排污者的生产决策。排污者获得的排污权配额远小于其自身排污需要时,排污者的发展将受到限制。目前,排污权分配方法主要有两类:免费分配和有偿分配。有偿分配又可以进一步细分为政府定价和公开拍卖两种方式。与排污权免费分配相比,排污权有偿分配更能体现有限环境资源的稀缺性,也更能实现有限环境资源的高效配置。但是,通过有偿分配这种方式,排污者的生产成本会增加,面临着生产经营的风险。所以,具体实践中,排污权的免费分配这种模式更受欢迎。但是,免费分配的方式仅考虑排污者的污染物排放量,会变相的激励排污者多排污,使污染物的排放总量增加,不利于污染物的总量控制。因此,为了同时考虑生产投入和产出,基于数据包络分析的方法被用来解决排污权初始分配问题。然而,现有的研究鲜有注意到排污权分配时涉及到的排污者生产活动的平稳性问题。对于排污者来说,它不仅关心其能够得到多少排污权配额,而且更为关注的是所得的排污权配额能否满足自身的排污需要。如果排污权配额远远小于自身实际的排污需求,排污者只有两种选择:要么降低自己的产出水平,减少排放;要么通过排污权交易获得额外的排放权,但是会增加生产成本。基于此,本文以戴前智(2014)提出的整体满意度最大化模型为基础,考虑各决策单元生产的平稳性,构建了排污权初始分配模型。最后,基于省级数据,验证了此方法是可行的,并对分配结果进行了具体的分析。
[Abstract]:The initial allocation of emission rights refers to the importance of the initial allocation of emission rights to different polluters according to certain standards. It can be reflected from the following points: first, whether the allocation of emission rights is effective or not determines the effectiveness of the emission trading system; Second, due to the existence of monopoly competition in the actual economic production activities, unreasonable allocation scheme will make a large number of emission rights allocated to some inefficient, monopoly polluters. It brings negative effects to the efficient allocation of environmental resources; Third, the emission quota will not only affect the production efficiency of polluters, but also affect the production decisions of polluters. The development of polluters will be limited. There are two main methods for the allocation of emission rights: free distribution and paid distribution. The paid distribution can be further subdivided into two ways: government pricing and public auction. The paid allocation of emission rights can better reflect the scarcity of limited environmental resources and achieve the efficient allocation of limited environmental resources. However, the production costs of polluters will increase through the paid allocation. Faced with the risk of production and operation. Therefore, in practice, the model of free allocation of emission rights is more popular. However, the way of free allocation only takes into account the pollutant emissions of polluters. In order to consider the production input and output, the polluters will be encouraged to pollute more, and the total amount of pollutants will be increased, which is not conducive to the control of the total amount of pollutants. The method based on data envelopment analysis is used to solve the problem of initial allocation of emission rights. Few studies have paid attention to the stability of polluters' production activities. For polluters, it is not only concerned about how many emission quotas they can get. And more concerned about whether the emission quota can meet their own emission needs. If the emission quota is far less than their actual emission demand. Polluters have only two options: to reduce their output levels and reduce emissions; Either through emissions trading to obtain additional emission rights, but will increase production costs. Based on this, this paper based on the overall satisfaction maximization model proposed by Dai Qianzhi 2014). Considering the stability of the production of each decision making unit, the initial allocation model of emission rights is constructed. Finally, based on provincial data, the feasibility of this method is verified, and the distribution results are analyzed concretely.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X196;F224

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