最低工资标准的资源错配效应及其作用机制分析

发布时间：2018-01-21 21:34

本文关键词： 最低工资标准资源错配生存概率全要素生产率　出处：《中国工业经济》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：通过利用1998—2007年中国工业企业数据库和251个地级市统计数据,以企业全要素生产率的离散程度作为资源错配的度量指标,本文实证检验了最低工资标准对中国资源错配的影响,并重点探讨了潜在的作用机制。研究结果发现,最低工资标准的上调有利于改善资源错配,且该效应在东、中、西三大区域趋于增强。同时,最低工资标准对不同类型企业的资源错配具有异质性影响,伴随着国有企业和非出口企业的资源错配得到改善,非国有企业和出口企业并未受到显著影响。进一步的传导机制检验结果表明,通过增加低效率企业退出市场的概率和对企业生产率的非对称提升作用两条途径,最低工资标准使得企业生产率的分布收紧,从而改善了资源错配。此外,上述机制在不同类型企业中存在显著差异,从而使得最低工资标准的资源错配改善效应存在异质性。对于国有企业和非国有企业而言,企业生产率的非对称效应占据主导地位;对于出口企业和非出口企业而言,低效率企业退出市场占据主导地位。本文的研究结论表明,尽管最低工资标准在短期内可能会通过推动劳动成本上升而降低社会就业,但从长期看有助于通过"倒逼机制"来改善资源在不同企业间的错配,从而实现经济增长与结构转型。
[Abstract]:By using the database of Chinese industrial enterprises and 251 prefecture-level cities from 1998 to 2007, the discrete degree of total factor productivity of enterprises is taken as the measurement index of resource mismatch. This paper empirically examines the impact of minimum wage on resource mismatch in China, and focuses on the potential mechanism. The research results show that the increase of minimum wage is beneficial to improve the mismatch of resources. At the same time, the minimum wage standard has heterogeneity influence on the resource mismatch of different types of enterprises. With the improvement of resource mismatch of state-owned enterprises and non-export enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises and export enterprises have not been significantly affected. By increasing the probability of inefficient firms to withdraw from the market and the asymmetric effect on the productivity of enterprises, the minimum wage standard makes the distribution of enterprise productivity tighten, thus improving the mismatch of resources. The above mechanisms have significant differences among different types of enterprises, which makes the improvement effect of minimum wage standard resource mismatch heterogeneity. For state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises. The asymmetric effect of enterprise productivity occupies a dominant position; For export enterprises and non-export enterprises, inefficient enterprises to withdraw from the market occupies a dominant position. While the minimum wage may reduce social employment in the short term by driving up labour costs, in the long run it will help to improve the misallocation of resources between different enterprises through a "backward forcing mechanism". To achieve economic growth and structural transformation.
【作者单位】：复旦大学经济学院;复旦大学中国社会主义市场经济研究中心;中南大学商学院;中南大学金属资源战略研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目“推动经济发达地区产业转型升级的机制与政策研究”(批准号71333002) 国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国经济发展新常态的趋势性特征及政策取向研究”(批准号15ZDA008)
【分类号】：F249.24;F424
【正文快照】： 一、问题提出过去三十年间,中国经济取得了令世界瞩目的高速增长,这一成就主要得益于资源重新配置带来的全要素生产率持续提高(易纲等,2003;Zhu,2012)。传统以国有经济为主体的一元公有制经济逐步演变为公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展,随着经济体制变迁和所有制结构变

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