二元经济下山东省最低工资的就业效应

发布时间：2018-01-24 09:34

本文关键词： 二元经济山东省最低工资就业效应　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为维护低收入者的利益、维持劳动力市场稳定从而促进市场经济保持良好的态势,我国从1994年颁布立法实施以来,建立最低工资制度已经超过20年。如今各省市均已全面覆盖最低工资制度,该标准的增加幅度也变大,关注程度加深。以山东省为例,1994年山东省最初设立企业职工最低工资标准为170元/月,从1994年至今已做出13次调整。2016年5月山东省再次提高了最低工资标准,其标准共分为三档,最高档是1710元,其次是1550元和1390元,各档平均提高100元。学术界对于实施最低工资对就业量的影响一直比较担忧,从理论与实证角度进行的研究逐渐丰富,但还未有明确的结论。发达国家对最低工资就业效应的研究比较早,且理论较为成熟,但是我国二元经济特征显著,劳动力市场不同于一般的市场经济国家,发达国家的经验对于我们只有借鉴作用并无指导之效。国内传统的看法是,工资的提高导致企业的成本会增加,其对技术水平较低的员工需求会减少而促使企业增加资本使用减少劳动力使用,最终对就业率产生负面影响。然而近几年国内来一些学者通过针对性的对各地区进行实证研究,证实我国目前的最工资标准较低,远没有达到国际上的最低工资标准。而且最低工资对就业的抑制并不能证实,并有可能在一定水平上改善产业布局,促进就业人员的质量。最低工资标准对不同地区、不同行业应该是不同的,其他地区的经验不能适用于另外一个地区。山东省处于我国东部地区,在经济上发展水平与人口数量上在国内地区排名上都靠前,二元经济结构特征比较显著,是比较有代表性的省份,本文便是以山东省作为独立研究对象,为山东省实行设立最低工资制度提供一定理论与实证参考。本文首先对加入二元经济结构的最低工资对就业的作用进行理论上分析,通过研究山东省城乡收入差距、消费差距和剩余劳动力特征,得出其自身二元经济结构的现状和趋势。其次梳理了山东省最低工资的历史发展,并把增长幅度与增长率与其他30个省市放到一起作对照,发现其自身的特点和优劣势。之后对搜集到的山东省最低工资、就业量、人均GDP等信息整合后,通过单位根检验、协整关系处理和误差修正模型,得出山东省最低工资对整体就业以及建筑业、制造业和批发零售业这三个行业的不同影响情况,并找出其效果不同的原因,有助于实现对不同行业采用不一样水平的最低工资。通过对上述方面的研究,本文对最低工资制度更加合理化改善提出一系列的建议,希望进一步丰富我国最低工资制度的内容,能够为政府部门设立有效标准提供一定的实证参照,从而有利于劳动力市场更加稳健良好的运行。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the interests of low-income people, maintain the stability of the labor market and promote the market economy to maintain a good situation, our country has enacted legislation since 1994. The minimum wage system has been established for more than 20 years. Now all provinces and cities have fully covered the minimum wage system, and the increase of this standard has also become larger and the degree of concern has deepened. Take Shandong Province as an example. In 1994, Shandong Province initially set up a minimum wage standard of 170 yuan per month for enterprise employees, and has made 13 adjustments since 1994. In May 2016, Shandong Province again raised the minimum wage standard. The standard is divided into three stalls, the highest is 1710 yuan, followed by 1550 yuan and 1390 yuan, the average increase of 100 yuan. The academic community has been more worried about the impact of the implementation of the minimum wage on the amount of employment. The research from the theoretical and empirical point of view is gradually rich, but there is no clear conclusion. Developed countries to the minimum wage employment effect research is early, and the theory is more mature, but China's dual economic characteristics are significant. The labor market is different from the general market economy countries. The experience of the developed countries has no guiding effect only for us. The traditional view in China is that the increase of wages will increase the cost of enterprises. It will reduce the demand for low-skilled employees, which will encourage enterprises to increase the use of capital and reduce the use of labor. However, in recent years, some domestic scholars through targeted empirical research in various regions, confirmed that China's current minimum wage standards are relatively low. It is far from meeting the international minimum wage standards. And the minimum wage's restraint on employment is not confirmed, and it is possible to improve the industrial layout at a certain level. The minimum wage standard should be different for different regions, different industries, the experience of other regions can not be applied to another region. Shandong Province is in the eastern part of our country. In the level of economic development and the number of population in the domestic regional ranking are at the top, the dual economic structure is more prominent, is a more representative province, this paper is taking Shandong Province as an independent research object. This paper provides a theoretical and empirical reference for the implementation of the minimum wage system in Shandong Province. Firstly, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the effect of minimum wage on employment by joining the dual economic structure. Through the study of urban and rural income gap, consumption gap and surplus labor force characteristics of Shandong Province, get its own dual economic structure and trends. Secondly, combing the historical development of the minimum wage in Shandong Province. And the growth rate and the other 30 provinces and cities together as a comparison, find its own characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. After the collection of Shandong Province minimum wage, employment, per capita GDP and other information integration. Through unit root test, co-integration relationship processing and error correction model, we get the different effects of minimum wage on the overall employment and the construction, manufacturing and wholesale and retail industries in Shandong Province. And find out the reasons for its different effects, help to achieve different industries to adopt different levels of minimum wage. Through the study of the above aspects. This paper puts forward a series of suggestions for the rationalization and improvement of the minimum wage system, hoping to further enrich the content of the minimum wage system in China, and can provide a certain empirical reference for government departments to set up effective standards. This is conducive to a more stable and good operation of the labor market.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.24

【参考文献】