墨西哥的城镇化与“去中心化”趋势

发布时间：2018-02-07 15:53

本文关键词： 墨西哥城镇体系去中心化城市化进程　出处：《国际城市规划》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：墨西哥的城镇体系分级有别于世界上其他发展中国家,是在其独特的历史、社会背景下形成的。在动荡的20世纪,墨西哥呈现出从单一城市中心占主导的城市体系发展为多中心次城市体系的格局。城市空间结构经历了集聚—疏散—多中心格局的演变,再次聚集的过程中,形成"周边功能区"式的圈层结构。该空间结构发展战略和卫星城的建设,疏散了墨西哥城和其他城市的都市区功能,同时加强了城郊间的联动功能。周边地区以其距离上的优势和影响力、充足的就业岗位、平等的发展机会及均等化的公共服务体系,承担起支持中心城发展、都市副功能区的重任。而这种演变有利于提高工业、技术、信息、人才的流通及传播。以大都市区墨西哥城为例,形成与经济发展阶段变化相适应的"去中心化"发展模式,通过行政资源、社会公共产品和服务的均衡分布以及人口迁移的地域性变化,削弱了主要大城市的"资源中心"地位,促进了地区平衡,带动了地区之间福祉差距的缩小。墨西哥政府在城市治理及空间政策方面采取的措施一定程度上缓解了社会不均衡问题的负面影响,其中的原因值得学术界深入探讨。
[Abstract]:Mexico's urban system, distinct from that of other developing countries in the world, was shaped in its unique historical and social context. Mexico has developed from a single-center-dominated urban system to a multi-center-sub-urban system. The urban spatial structure has undergone the evolution of agglomeration, evacuation and multi-center pattern, and in the process of re-aggregation, Forming a "peripheral functional zone" type of ring structure. The development strategy of the spatial structure and the construction of the satellite city have evacuated the metropolitan functions of Mexico City and other cities. At the same time, it has strengthened the function of linkage between the suburbs. The surrounding areas, with their advantages and influence in terms of distance, sufficient jobs, equal opportunities for development and an equalized public service system, undertake to support the development of the central city. This evolution is conducive to improving the circulation and dissemination of industry, technology, information and talent. Take Mexico City, the metropolitan area, as an example, to form a "decentralization" development model adapted to the changes in the economic development stage. Through the balanced distribution of administrative resources, social public goods and services and the regional changes in population migration, the status of "resource centers" in major cities has been weakened and regional balance has been promoted. The measures taken by the Mexican government in urban governance and space policy to some extent alleviate the negative impact of the social imbalance, and the reasons are worthy of further discussion by the academic community.
【作者单位】：北京第二外国语学院;北京第二外国语学院西班牙语教研室;首都经济贸易大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“城乡一体化的国际经验及中国道路研究”(14BJL061)
【分类号】：F299.731

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