震后应急物流系统中的定位—路径问题（LRP）模型与优化算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 09:11

本文选题：地震灾害　切入点：应急物流系统　出处：《电子科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,地震灾害频发,给人类带来了巨大的人员伤亡与财产损失,例如汶川地震、玉树地震、雅安地震。为抢救灾区人民群众的生命,尽可能降低地震灾害带来的损失,应急物资必须在震后尽可能短的时间内配送到灾区的各个需求点,尤其是在震后初期救援阶段的搜救设备、医疗设备与药品。开展抗震救灾工作需要多品种、大批量的应急物资。地震灾害的突发性、破坏性与应急物资配送的时间紧迫性,给震后应急物流系统带来了巨大挑战。根据“汶川大地震”抗震救灾实际工作情况的反馈信息,学者们普遍认为,有效保障应急物资供应的关键在于合理进行应急设施定位分配(Location Allocation Problem,LAP)与科学规划应急车辆行驶路线(Vehicle Routing Problem,VRP)。而且,LAP与VRP之间存在相互依赖、相互影响的关系,必须将二者进行整体设计与优化,即研究震后应急物流系统中的定位-路径问题(Location-Routing Problem,LRP)。震后应急物资配送过程中经常面临诸多不确定因素的干扰。例如余震导致本来通畅的原定配送路径上的某些道路严重损毁从而车辆无法通行、灾区部分地区疫情突然大规模爆发导致部分需求点的应急物资需求急剧增加、车辆在服务过程中突然发生故障无法继续配送等。此类事件统称干扰事件。此时,决策者如果按照干扰事件发生前制定的初始方案进行应急物资供应,必然导致部分需求点服务失败。因此,必须根据干扰事件发生的具体情况进行方案调整,有效处理干扰事件,使其对整个震后应急物流系统产生的扰动最小,保障应急物资配送正常进行。为此,本文以震后应急物流系统中的LRP为研究对象,并结合汶川大地震、玉树地震、雅安地震等自然灾害发生后的应急物资配送相关数据,重点研究震后应急物资配送特性、符合震后应急物资配送不同真实情景的多目标LRP优化模型与相应求解算法、震后应急LRP中的干扰管理优化模型以及相应求解算法。主要内容分为如下5个部分:(1)震后应急物资配送特性分析。描述了地震的突发性、巨大破坏性、时间持续性与周期性,分析了震后应急物资需求的复杂性、分级性与动态性,总结了震后应急物资供应具有时间紧迫性、数量巨大性与应急物流网络复杂性,震后应急物流系统中的LRP具有时间优先性、环境复杂性、供应方式多样性与动态性。(2)震后应急物资配送的新LRP模型与算法研究。研究震后应急物资配送的一种新LRP,即假设震后有n个需求点,在这n个需求点内选择m个需求点作为没有容量限制的应急物流中心(NM?),并综合考虑应急设施运输能力限制、需求点所在地理位置和地形导致的应急车辆行驶时间的随机性、需求点应急物资需求量的不确定性与应急物资配送的时间紧迫性,以应急物资总运达时间最短与总配送成本最小为目标,构建一个基于机会约束规划的多目标模糊LRP优化模型,并根据模型的特点设计一种混合免疫遗传算法予以求解。最后,给出算例验证了本文方法的可行性与有效性。(3)震后应急物资多方式供应中的模糊动态LRP模型与算法研究。综合考虑应急物流网络中的模糊需求量、时间窗限制、路网连通损毁与动态恢复情况、车辆随机行驶时间、配送设备运输能力限制以及应急物资分割运输与配送等特性,以应急物资总供应时间最短、总供应费用最小为目标,构建一个震后应急物资多方式供应的多目标模糊LRP优化模型,并根据模型的特点设计一种混合蚁群算法予以求解。最后,通过算例验证了本文模型和算法的可行性与有效性。(4)公平视角下震后应急物资多方式配送的LRP模型与算法研究。将公平理论引入震后应急物资配送,并综合考虑灾区需求点的时间窗限制、部分道路损毁与动态恢复、车辆随机行驶时间、应急物资多方式供应等特性,以应急物资总运达时间最短、应急物资运达需求点的最大等待时间最短为目标,建立一个多品种应急物资多方式公平供应且带限制期的多目标LRP优化模型,并根据模型的特点设计一种混合启发式算法予以求解。最后,以“汶川大地震”应急物资配送过程中的相关数据构造算例进行测试,验证了本文方法的合理性与有效性。(5)震后应急LRP中的干扰管理模型与算法研究。综合考虑应急物资配送过程中发生的各种干扰事件、灾区路网损毁情况、需求点的模糊需求量与时间窗限制、多方式供应等因素,以应急物资配送总时间最短构建了震后应急LRP的初始配送方案优化模型,并结合行为科学中对人的行为感知的研究方法从灾区需求点、应急决策部门、应急物流执行者三个方面分析干扰事件对应急物流系统的扰动,在此基础上以系统扰动最小为目标构建一个字典序的干扰管理模型。最后,设计干扰事件处理策略,并根据模型特点设计了一种混合蚁群算法予以求解。算例结果表明了本文方法比全局重优化方法和局部重优化方法更加合理有效。本研究成果可以有效保障应急物资配送,避免应急物资供需失衡,实现震后应急物资供应的快速响应,降低应急物流系统的总费用,降低地震灾害带来的各种损失与危害,具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究在理论上补充、丰富了应急物流管理理论与优化方法,为应急物流领域研究提供了新理念和研究方向,为同行提供研究参考;在应用层面上,可以为相关应急管理决策部门提供决策参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the earthquake disasters have brought huge casualties and property losses to human beings, such as the Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, Ya'an earthquake. In order to rescue the life of the people in the disaster areas, to reduce the earthquake disaster losses as much as possible, emergency supplies after the earthquake must be in the shortest possible time with each demand point to the disaster areas especially, in the stage of the initial period after the earthquake rescue rescue equipment, medical equipment and medicine. To carry out relief work to a variety of emergency supplies, in large quantities. The sudden earthquake disaster, time urgency and destructive emergency material distribution, to the earthquake emergency logistics system has brought great challenges. According to the feedback information of earthquake Wenchuan earthquake disaster relief work actual situation, scholars generally believe that the effective protection of the key lies in the reasonable emergency supplies for emergency facility location allocation (Location Allocat Ion Problem, LAP) and scientific planning of emergency vehicle routes (Vehicle Routing Problem, VRP). Moreover, there is interdependence between LAP and VRP, the relation of mutual influence, must be two for the design and optimization of overall, which is on the location of post earthquake emergency logistics system in the path problem (Location-Routing Problem, LRP). Earthquake emergency material distribution process often faces many uncertain factors. Such as aftershocks caused some road originally been open on the distribution path serious damage to vehicles can not pass the disaster in some areas the epidemic situation suddenly outbreak caused the demand point part of emergency material demand increased dramatically, the vehicles in the service process of sudden failure cannot continue distribution. Such events referred to as disturbance events. At this time, if policy makers plan according to the initial interference before the events of emergency supplies Should be, will inevitably lead to some demand point of service failure. Therefore, the program must be adjusted according to specific conditions of interference incidents, effectively deal with interference events, make for the earthquake emergency logistics system disturbance minimum, ensure that the emergency supplies distribution normally. Therefore, the earthquake emergency logistics system in LRP as the research object. Combined with the Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, emergency supplies distribution data of the Ya'an earthquake and other natural disasters happen after the earthquake, focus on emergency supplies distribution characteristics, in line with the earthquake emergency supplies distribution with the real situation of multi-objective LRP optimization model and solving algorithm, optimization model and corresponding algorithm to solve the interference management of post earthquake emergency in LRP the main content is divided into 5 parts as follows: (1) analysis of earthquake emergency material distribution characteristics. Describe the sudden earthquake, great damage, holding time Continuity and periodicity, analyzed the complexity of earthquake emergency demand, classification and dynamic, summed up the earthquake emergency supplies with the urgency of time, a huge number of emergency logistics network and the complexity of earthquake emergency logistics system in LRP with time priority, the complexity of the environment, supply diversity and dynamic. (2) after the earthquake of the new LRP model and algorithm of emergency material distribution. A new LRP study on earthquake emergency material distribution, assuming that the earthquake has N demand points in the n m in demand demand as no capacity constraints of the emergency logistics center (NM?), and considering the emergency transport facilities capacity constraints, stochastic demand point of emergency vehicle location and terrain to travel time, time urgency demand of emergency material demand uncertainty and distribution of emergency supplies, emergency supplies to The total delivery time is the shortest and the total distribution cost minimum as the goal, to build a multi-objective chance constrained programming based on fuzzy optimization model of LRP, and according to the characteristics of the model design of a hybrid immune genetic algorithm is applied to solve the problem. Finally, the example is given to verify the feasibility and validity of this method. (3) after the earthquake emergency material supply in the multi way LRP fuzzy dynamic model and algorithm research. Considering the fuzzy demand in the emergency logistics network, time window, network connectivity and dynamic damage recovery, random vehicle travel time distribution equipment, transport capacity constraints and emergency supplies division of transportation and distribution characteristics, the total supply of emergency supplies the shortest time, the minimum total supply cost as the goal, LRP fuzzy multi-objective optimization model to construct a multi way earthquake emergency material supply, and design a hybrid ant colony based on the characteristics of the model The algorithm to be solved. Finally, through an example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm. (4) a fair perspective study on LRP model and algorithm under the earthquake emergency material distribution. The multi justice theory into emergency material distribution, and considering the time window of the affected point limit, and part of road damage dynamic recovery, random vehicle travel time, emergency supplies more supply and other characteristics, with total emergency supplies arrived in the shortest time, emergency supplies demand reached a maximum waiting time point shortest as the goal, to build a variety of multi-objective optimization model of LRP should be fair and more urgent material supply with a limited period. According to the characteristics of the model design of a hybrid heuristic algorithm is applied to solve the problem. Finally, the data structure of Wenchuan earthquake emergency material distribution in the process of example test and verify the party The rationality and effectiveness of the method. (5) research on disruption management model and algorithm of emergency LRP. Considering all kinds of interference incidents emergency material distribution in the process of network disaster damage, fuzzy demand and demand time window constraints, multi supply factors, the distribution of emergency supplies total time the shortest construction initial distribution plan optimization model for earthquake emergency LRP, and combining with the research methods of behavioral perception of human behavior in science from the demand point of disaster, emergency decision-making departments, three aspects of the disturbance of the emergency logistics system interference event to perform emergency logistics, on the basis of system disturbance minimum disruption management model objective to construct a lexicographic order. Finally, the design of interference event processing strategy, and design a hybrid ant colony algorithm is applied to solve the problem according to the characteristics of the model. Numerical results show that the method proposed in this paper Compared to the global weight optimization method and local weight optimization method is more reasonable and effective. The results of this study can effectively guarantee the distribution of emergency supplies, to avoid the imbalance between supply and demand of emergency supplies, to achieve rapid response to earthquake emergency supplies, reduce the total cost of the emergency logistics system, reduce the loss and damage of the earthquake disaster, it has important theoretical and practical significance the study added. In theory, enrich the emergency logistics management theory and optimization method, provides a new direction for the field of philosophy and research of emergency logistics research, provide research reference for counterparts; in the application level, can provide a reference for the relevant decision-making departments of emergency management.

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U116.2;F252

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