中国北方干燥地城市扩展过程对生态系统服务的影响——以呼和浩特-包头-鄂尔多斯城市群地区为例

发布时间：2018-03-08 13:19

本文选题：生态系统服务　切入点：城市扩展过程　出处：《自然资源学报》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：理解中国北方干燥地城市扩展过程对生态系统服务的影响对提高干燥地人类福祉和实现区域可持续发展具有重要的意义。为此,论文以正在经历快速城市化的呼和浩特-包头-鄂尔多斯(呼包鄂)地区为例,从区域、城市和旗县3个尺度上揭示了该地区1990—2013年城市扩展过程对生态系统服务的影响。首先,量化了呼包鄂地区1990年的生境质量、粮食生产、肉类生产和碳储量4种关键生态系统服务。然后,分析了1990—2013年呼包鄂地区的城市扩展过程。最后,在区域、城市和旗县3个尺度上评价了呼包鄂地区1990—2013年城市扩展过程对生态系统服务的影响。结果显示,1990—2013年,呼包鄂地区经历了快速的城市扩展过程,城市用地面积从314.22 km~2增加到692.10 km~2,增长了1.2倍。区域城市扩展过程导致4种生态系统服务均明显下降。其中,粮食生产服务损失最严重,损失量达1.36×10~4t,约占1990年全区粮食生产总量的1%。边缘型和飞地型城市扩展对生态系统服务的影响最明显。1990—2013年,边缘型城市扩展导致的粮食生产、肉类生产和碳储量损失量占区域城市扩展过程中各项服务损失总量的比例均超过60%,飞地型城市扩展造成的肉类生产服务损失量大于区域城市扩展过程中该服务损失总量的1/3。边缘型和飞地型城市扩展过程导致的耕地和草地大量减少是造成生态系统服务快速下降的主要原因。因此,建议在呼包鄂地区的城市化进程中应提高城市用地利用率,控制边缘型和飞地型城市扩展,以减少城市扩展过程对生态系统服务的影响。
[Abstract]:Understanding the impact of the process of urban expansion on ecosystem services in the drylands of northern China is important for enhancing human well-being and achieving regional sustainable development in drylands. Taking Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos (Hubao E) region, which is undergoing rapid urbanization, as an example, this paper reveals the impact of urban expansion on ecosystem services in this region from 1990 to 2013 on three scales: region, city and flag county. This paper quantifies four kinds of key ecosystem services including habitat quality, food production, meat production and carbon storage in 1990. Then, the urban expansion process in Hupao-E region from 1990 to 2013 is analyzed. Finally, in the region, The effects of urban expansion on ecosystem services in Hupao-E area from 1990 to 2013 were evaluated on the scale of city and flag county. The results showed that Hupao-E area experienced a rapid urban expansion process from 1990 to 2013. The urban land area increased from 314.22 km~2 to 692.10 km2, an increase of 1.2-fold. The regional urban expansion resulted in a significant decline of four ecosystem services, among which the loss of food production services was the most serious. The losses reached 1.36 脳 10 ~ (4) t, which accounted for about 1% of the total grain production in the whole region in 1990. The impact of the expansion of marginal and enclaved cities on ecosystem services was the most obvious from 1990 to 2013, and the grain production caused by the expansion of marginal cities was the most obvious. Meat production and carbon storage losses account for more than 60% of the total loss of services in the process of regional urban expansion. The loss of meat production services caused by the expansion of enclaved cities is greater than that of the services lost in the process of regional urban expansion. The decrease of cultivated land and grassland caused by the expansion of marginal and enclaved cities is the main reason for the rapid decline of ecosystem services. It is suggested that the utilization of urban land should be improved and the expansion of marginal and enclaved cities should be controlled in order to reduce the impact of urban expansion on ecosystem services.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室人与环境系统可持续研究中心;北京师范大学地理科学学部资源学院土地资源与区域发展研究中心;美国亚利桑那州立大学生命科学院和全球可持续研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41501195) 国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB954302,2014CB954303)~~
【分类号】：F299.27;X171

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