政府补助、产业结构调整与中国城市效率的经验研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 12:54

本文选题：政府补助　切入点：产业结构　出处：《湖南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：政府补助政策作为对宏观经济的主要调控手段之一,对我国经济的历史演进产生了重要作用,而国家“十二五”规划对产业结构调整的重要指示以及全球经济下行对国内经济造成的影响又使政府补助政策得到了更多的关注,因此本文基于现实背景而提出论文的构想,试图解决该理论在产业结构与城市效率相关方面的不足。本文首先梳理与归纳了政府补助对产业结构调整与城市效率提升的相关理论文献,利用相关数据,描述了当前政府补助对省际、城市、企业的正负作用;其次,通过政府补助与产业结构、政府补助与城市效率、政府补助、产业结构与城市效率的协同效应等三个作用机制,逐一的分析了他们之间的一般联系;最后,根据相关变量的数据分析,对政府补助与产业结构、城市效率进行实证分析。本文在实证分析过程中,主要试图回答以下几个问题:政府补助在实施的过程中是否会出现人为因素,导致效率的降低?政府补助对产业结构的作用是通过什么途径而产生的?政府补助与城市效率的提升有什么内在联系?政府补助对产业结构调整是否具有促进作用?政府补助对区域经济以及城市效率的提升是否能达到政府所期望的高度?政府补助、产业结构与城市效率之间是否具有协同效应?通过回答以上的问题,对政府补助推动产业结构调整与提升城市效率具有十分重要的现实与实际意义。因此,本文试图在财政与政府补助的理论框架之中全面系统的考察产业结构调整与城市效率提升之间的关系并回答上述疑问。本文首先认为政府补助对国民经济增长与社会公平具有一定的负面作用,由于政府关联性的存在,政治关联度越高的企业所受的补助将高于政治关联度低的企业,但是从使用效率来看,政治关联度越低的企业在利用政府补助的实际效率却高于关联度高的企业,同时,过多补助经营业绩低效的企业,将会导致社会不稳定因素提高,造成社会公共利益失衡。因此在政府补助的实际操作过程中,将会不可避免的出现人为干扰因素而影响政府补助政策的实施效果。随后发现财政政策不再仅仅受限于经济增长的外部变量,它是通过教育、劳动力、技术进步、资本等要素而反应于国民经济增长的内生变量,从而间接影响地方经济与产业结构变迁。政府补助对产业结构调整具有推动作用,是与其政策架构所分不开的。政府补助政策通过退税返还、贴息,无偿拨付等手段,有效完成了其在产业结构优化中所需要的目标,推动了内生经济增长方式的转换。同时,由于政府补助政策将通过资本要素流通来间接调控宏观经济走势,充分体现了政府整体战略规划意图,并具有中间流程少,作用明显等优点,因而,在当今社会被作为调整产业结构的重要经济手段之一。接着本文进一步考察了政府补助与城市效率之间的关系,结果发现政府通过实施高质量的政府补助政策,将优化市场资源配置与数据收集,有效甄别出企业为了寻找补助而释放的虚假信息。将国家财政资金更为合理的分配于倾向扶持行业,促进了行业的自主研发与规模,推动了城市效率提升,拉动了地方经济增长。同时,高效公平的政府行为,可以有效维护国家法律法规与监管体制,为受补助行业提供优良的制度性基础设施建设,减少受补助行业在产业调整与经营规模扩大过程中所产生的运营风险,加快产业结构演进过程,从而间接促进城市效率提升。最后,研究结果显示,一是政府补助对产业结构有显著的正向作用,表明政府补助力度的提升有利于推动我国产业结构由第二产业向第三产业转移。具体而言,东部地区的推动效果最大,西部地区次之,中部地区最小。我国东部地区的制造业正逐渐向中西部地区转移,导致东部地区服务业比重不断提升,且东部地区生产性服务业在服务业中所占比重较大,这些地区城市的政府补助重点对象为服务业。中西部地区正承接东部地区产业转移,因而补助对象更侧重于制造业企业;二是政府补助力度的加大有利于提高我国各地区城市效率。政府补助通过优化资源配置、激励企业积极参与研发活动、提高研发投入-产出间的转化率与降低企业的运行成本四个途径从而提高城市效率。从区域而言,东部地区政府补助对城市效率的提升作用最为明显,中部地区次之,西部地区最小。东部地区政府补助的规模显著高于中西部地区,且东部地区政府补助的重点对象是服务业中效率较高的生产性服务业,这更有利于城市效率的提升。中部地区制造业总体发展水平较西部地区高,对制造业的补助相对而言中部地区的效果更为明显;三是政府补助对产业结构升级起带动作用,但是这一带动作用随时间的推移而逐渐减小;相反,城市效率的提升对产业结构优化升级起抑制性作用,且反向作用的力度随时间的推移逐渐增大。政府补助力度的加强会提高城市的效率,并且提高的幅度随时间的推移而不断的扩大;产业结构的优化升级也会对城市效率起积极的作用,但是随着时间的推移这一积极效应会不断的减弱。
[Abstract]:The government subsidy policy as one of the main means of macroeconomic regulation, the historical evolution of China's economy has played an important role, and the influence of the "12th Five-Year" national planning important instructions on the adjustment of industrial structure and the global economic downturn in the domestic economy and the policy caused by government subsidies gained more and more attention, so this paper puts forward the concept of based on the realistic background and the attempt to solve the problem of the theory in the efficiency of industrial structure and city. This paper first reviews and summarizes the relevant theories and literatures on government subsidies to the adjustment of industrial structure and improve the efficiency of the city, using the related data, describes the current government subsidies for provincial, city, positive and negative effects of the enterprise; secondly, through the government grants and government subsidies and the city industrial structure, efficiency, government subsidies, industrial structure and city efficiency of the synergistic effect of the three mechanisms System, we analyze the general relationship between them; finally, according to the analysis of the data of relevant variables, government subsidies and industrial structure and city efficiency for empirical analysis. In this paper, in the process of empirical analysis, mainly to answer the following questions: government subsidies human factors will in the process of implementation, the decrease of efficiency? The government subsidies for the role of the industrial structure is produced by what way? What's the relation between city government subsidies and improve the efficiency of government subsidies? On the adjustment of industrial structure is to promote for? Government subsidies to promote regional economic and city government efficiency can achieve the desired height of government subsidies,? Between the efficiency of industrial structure and city have synergy? By answering these questions of government subsidies to promote the adjustment of industrial structure and enhance the efficiency of city has Very important realistic and practical significance. Therefore, this paper tries to adjust the relationship between efficiency and industrial structure upgrading of city between the theoretical framework in finance and government subsidies in the comprehensive system and answer these questions. This paper first argues that the government grants equity has a negative effect on the growth of national economy and society, because of the existence of relevance the higher the degree of political connection, the subsidy will be higher than the low degree of political connection enterprises, but from the view of efficiency, the lower the degree of political connection enterprises in the actual utilization efficiency of government subsidies is higher than that of high degree of enterprise, at the same time, excessive subsidies operating performance of inefficient enterprises, will lead to the society to improve the stability factor, cause imbalance of public interests. In the course of the actual operation of government grants, there will inevitably disturb and influence The effect of policy implementation of government subsidies. Then fiscal policy is not only limited to the external variable of economic growth, it is through education, labor, technology, capital and other factors in the growth of the national economy and the reaction of endogenous variables, and thus indirectly affect the local economy and the industrial structure changes. Government subsidies can promote the adjustment of industrial structure that is their policy framework are inseparable. Government subsidies through the discount policy, tax return, free allocation of means, effectively completed its needs in the industrial structure optimization goal, promote the conversion of endogenous economic growth. At the same time, the policy of government subsidies through capital circulation to indirect macro-control the economic trend, fully reflects the intention of the overall strategic planning of the government, and having an intermediate process, obvious advantages, so as to adjust the industrial in today's society One of the important means of economic structure. Then this paper further investigates the relationship between the city and the efficiency of government subsidies, the government through the implementation of high quality government subsidy policies, will optimize the market allocation of resources and data collection, effectively identify false information to help business to find and release. The national finance is more reasonable assigned to tend to support the industry, promote the independent research and development and the scale of the industry, promote the city to enhance the efficiency, stimulating local economic growth. At the same time, government behavior, fairness, can effectively maintain national laws and regulations and supervision system, to provide excellent institutional infrastructure for subsidized industries, reducing subsidies in the industry industrial restructuring and expanding the scale of operation in the process of operating risk, accelerate the evolution of industrial structure, thereby indirectly promote the city efficiency is promoted. Finally, The results of the study showed that a government subsidy has significant positive effect on industry structure, efforts to show that government subsidies improvement is conducive to promoting China's industrial structure was transferred from the second industry to the third industry. Specifically, the eastern region to promote the greatest effect in western region, the central region is minimal. Manufacturing industry in East China is gradually transferred to the central and western regions, resulting in the proportion of service industry in the eastern region is rising, and the eastern region of producer services in the service industry accounted for a larger proportion, the focus of government subsidies for these areas of the city service industry. The Midwest is the eastern industrial transfer, so the subsidy object is more focused on the manufacturing enterprise; two is to increase government subsidies is conducive to improving the efficiency of city regions in our country. Government subsidies through optimizing the allocation of resources, encourage enterprises to actively participate in research activities,. High R & D investment into output and to improve the city efficiency and reduce operating costs by four ways. From the region, the eastern region government subsidies to increase the efficiency of the city is the most obvious, followed by the central region, the western region. The eastern region minimum government subsidy scale was significantly higher than that in the central and western regions, and focus the eastern region is the high efficiency of government subsidies in services of producer services, which is more conducive to the city to promote the efficiency of manufacturing industry. The central region of the overall level of development is relatively high in the western region, manufacturing subsidies for the central region of the effect is more obvious; three is the leading role of government subsidies for the upgrading of the industrial structure however, the leading role with the passage of time gradually decreases; instead, city to improve the efficiency of the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure has an inhibitory effect, and the reverse force By degrees with time gradually increased. Government subsidies will increase efforts to strengthen the city's efficiency, and improve the amplitude with time and continuously expand; the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure will play a positive role in city efficiency, but with the passage of time this positive effect will continue to weaken.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F299.2;F121.3;F812.45

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