劳动生产率变化对工程项目人工成本的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 09:29

本文选题：建筑业　切入点：劳动生产率　出处：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：建筑业作为我国经济的重要产业部门,正在经历一个快速发展时期。作为一个劳动密集型产业,建筑业的快速增长也得益于我国丰富廉价的劳动力优势。伴随着人工成本的增加,劳动生产率也在不断的提高。但劳动生产率在工程中具体提高了多少,对总的人工成本有什么样的影响却并无从了解。通过大量的文献研究发现,针对劳动生产率的研究主要从行业层面分析其影响因素,但从具体施工层次上对劳动生产率增长的水平以及对人工成本的影响还未有研究。本文首先对建筑业劳动生产率的概念及常用表达方式进行介绍,在明确劳动生产率的基本概念和本文的研究对象提出了改进后的实际劳动生产率的计算方法。通过在施工工地现场采集的数据,对数据进行格鲁布斯检验法以及参数区间估计法得出最后的实际劳动生产率结果,与本文的改进实际劳动生产率计算方法得出的结果进行对比,差距相差不大,验证本文改进的实际劳动生产率计算方法具有实用性。基于本劳动生产率的计算方法对三个框架结构工程实例进行计算。分别从土方工程、脚手架工程、模板工程、砌筑工程、混凝土工程、钢筋工程、抹灰工程等分项工程对劳动生产率的提高程度进行计算,结果发现在混凝土工程、钢筋工程、模板工程的劳动生产率提高程度最大。并且对工程人工成本进行计算,结果发现,在人工单价上涨的情况下,人工成本并没有增加,相对于定额计价的成本还更低。结果说明即使人工单价上涨,劳动生产率也相应的有所增长,并且劳动生产率的增长幅度能够抵消掉人工单价增长的部分。为了研究实际劳动生产率对人工成本的影响,首先提出人工成本的计算公式,针对本文的研究进行相应的改进。在部分研究对象不能确定实数的情况下引入未确知数模型进行求解。最后得出实际劳动生产率对人工成本的公式模型,在框架结构工程中只要明确各工种的预算工日数就可以相应求出实际人工成本。在了解到劳动生产率的增长对人工劳动成本的影响后,针对劳动生产率的提高措施本文提出了三个方面的建议,可以分别从“提高技术水平”、“改善劳动力水平”、“完善管理信息”等措施对劳动生产率进行提高。
[Abstract]:As an important industrial sector of China's economy, the construction industry is undergoing a period of rapid development. As a labor-intensive industry, The rapid growth of the construction industry also benefits from the abundant and cheap labor advantage of our country. With the increase of labor cost, the labor productivity is also increasing continuously. But how much has the labor productivity increased in the project? Through a large number of literature studies, it is found that the research on labor productivity mainly analyzes its influencing factors from the industry level. However, there is no research on the level of labor productivity growth and its influence on labor cost from the concrete construction level. Firstly, this paper introduces the concept of labor productivity in construction industry and its common expressions. In this paper, the basic concept of labor productivity and the method of calculating the actual labor productivity after improvement are put forward. The results of real labor productivity obtained by Grubs test and parameter interval estimation are compared with the results obtained by the improved method of calculating actual labor productivity in this paper. It is verified that the improved calculation method of actual labor productivity in this paper is practical. Based on the calculation method of the labor productivity, three examples of frame structure engineering are calculated, which are earthwork engineering, scaffold engineering, formwork engineering, masonry engineering, etc. In concrete engineering, steel bar engineering, plastering engineering and other sub-projects, the degree of increase in labor productivity has been calculated. The results show that in concrete engineering, reinforcement engineering, The labor productivity of the formwork project is increased the most. And the cost of labor is calculated, and it is found that the labor cost does not increase when the unit price of labor increases. The results show that even if the unit price of labor goes up, labor productivity will increase accordingly. In order to study the effect of actual labor productivity on labor cost, a formula for calculating labor cost is put forward. The unascertained number model is introduced to solve the problem. Finally, the formula model of actual labor productivity and labor cost is obtained. In the frame structure engineering, the actual labor cost can be calculated according to the number of budget days of each type of work, and the influence of the increase of labor productivity on the labor cost can be obtained. This paper puts forward three suggestions to improve the labor productivity, such as "improving the technical level", "improving the labor force level", "perfecting the management information" and so on.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2;TU723.3

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