考虑人因约束的混流装配线平衡问题的建模研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 05:41

本文选题：混流装配线平衡 + 体力负荷　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着市场竞争的日趋加剧和客户需求的快速更迭,在以手动装配操作为主的离散型制造企业中,可以同时对多种结构相似、工艺相近的产品进行生产装配的混流装配线逐渐得到广泛应用。混流装配线平衡是对产品的生产装配过程的组合优化,能有效的提高产品装配质量和企业生产效率,然而混流装配线的平衡优化由于考虑的因素增多因而也变得复杂。目前,针对混流装配线的平衡优化主要是以生产效率为目的,而很少考虑操作工人的作业感受。操作工人作为混流装配线上的重要组成,其健康意识和用工价值日益得到重视,若在平衡优化混流装配线时忽视操作工人的体力和脑力的限制因素,则会影响混流装配线的平衡稳定和损害操作工人的身心健康。因此,本文在混流装配线的平衡优化阶段考虑操作工人自身限制因素对其影响,从控制操作工人的体力负荷和脑力负荷两个方面出发,构建考虑人因约束的混流装配线平衡优化模型,研究探索满足人性化生产的平衡方案的必要。首先,从装配线平衡问题、混流装配线平衡问题以及考虑人因的装配线平衡三个角度对国内外的相关文献进行梳理,分析已有研究内容的成果和不足,总结在平衡优化装配线的研究中考虑人的因素的关键角度和基本方法,为后文中问题的分析与模型的构建奠定基础。其次,对混流装配线的基本概念和混流装配线平衡问题的基础理论以及求解方法做出详细的分析与介绍,确立了以第(40)类混流装配线平衡问题为本文的研究对象。然后,分析总结了人因工程学的基本理论和研究方法,结合混流装配线上操作工人的作业特性,抽象提取出体力消耗值和脑力承受度作为平衡混流装配线时衡量操作工人体力负荷和脑力负荷的指标。最后,以最小化工位个数、最小化工位间负荷指数和最小化工位内负荷指数为混流装配线的优化目标,构建了考虑人因约束的混流装配线平衡优化模型,以在确保平衡效果的前提下合理指派操作工人,控制其体力负荷和脑力负荷在合理范围。在模型的求解上,设计了遗传算法和混合遗传--模拟退火算法。通过结合设计的算例做对比分析研究,得到满足人因约束的平衡方案,验证了模型和算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the intensification of market competition and the rapid change of customer demand, in discrete manufacturing enterprises with manual assembly operation, many kinds of structures can be similar at the same time.The mixed-flow assembly line for production and assembly of similar products has been widely used.Mixed-flow assembly line balance is the combination optimization of product production and assembly process, which can effectively improve product assembly quality and enterprise production efficiency. However, the balance optimization of mixed-flow assembly line becomes more complex because of the increase of factors considered.At present, the balance optimization of mixed flow assembly line is mainly for the purpose of production efficiency, but seldom considers the operator's working experience.As an important component of mixed-flow assembly line, operators pay more and more attention to their health awareness and employment value. If the constraints of physical and mental strength of operators are ignored in balancing and optimizing the mixed-flow assembly line,It will affect the balance and stability of the mixed flow assembly line and damage the physical and mental health of the operator.Therefore, in the balance optimization stage of the mixed-flow assembly line, the author considers the influence of the operator's own limiting factors on it, and starts from two aspects of controlling the manual load and the mental load of the operator.The equilibrium optimization model of mixed-flow assembly line considering human constraints is constructed, and the necessity of exploring the balance scheme to meet the needs of humanized production is studied.First of all, from the aspects of assembly line balance, mixed-flow assembly line balance and human-factor assembly line balance, this paper combs the relevant literature at home and abroad, and analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of existing research contents.This paper summarizes the key angles and basic methods of considering human factors in the study of balance optimization assembly line, which lays a foundation for the analysis of problems and the construction of models.Secondly, the basic concept of mixed-flow assembly line and the basic theory and solving method of mixed-flow assembly line balance problem are analyzed and introduced in detail.Then, the basic theory and research methods of human factor engineering are analyzed and summarized, combined with the working characteristics of the workers on the mixed-flow assembly line.Physical exertion and mental endurance are abstractly extracted as indexes to measure manual and mental load of workers in balanced mixed-flow assembly line.Finally, by minimizing the number of stations, minimizing the inter-station load index and minimizing the internal load index, a hybrid assembly line balance optimization model considering human constraints is constructed.In order to ensure the balance of the effect of reasonable assignment of workers to control their physical load and mental load in a reasonable range.In solving the model, genetic algorithm and hybrid genetic-simulated annealing algorithm are designed.By comparing and analyzing the designed examples, a balance scheme satisfying the human factor constraints is obtained, and the validity of the model and the algorithm is verified.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F273;F224

【参考文献】