非农自雇活动对我国居民收入流动的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 14:37

本文选题：非农自雇 + 收入流动　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,从事非农自雇活动的个体数量在发达国家和发展中国家增长迅速,因此包括创新、创业在内的非农自雇活动越来越受到政府部门的重视,认为自雇活动可以扩大就业,在一定程度上对解决就业问题有更为积极的作用,与此同时还认为自雇活动有利于促进个体收入在纵向上的流动。随着对收入分配问题的不断探索,已经有越来越多的学者开始注意到收入流动性问题,从动态的角度来研究个体期初、期末的收入变动情况。虽然在一段时间内我们无法有效解决日趋严重的收入差距问题,但可以从保障机会均等的角度出发,保障每个中等收入者甚至是低收入者都具有向上流动到更高阶层的机会。通过提高收入流动性,畅通收入流动机制,促进个体在收入层级上的变动,来扭转"不患寡而患不均"这一社会问题所带来的负面影响。本文研究的主要内容是测算非农自雇者的收入流动性,并实证分析影响非农自雇群体收入变动的具体因素。根据中山大学社会科学调查中心开展的"中国劳动力动态调查"(CLDS)提供的微观调查数据,利用收入转换矩阵这一收入流动性测算工具,对从事非农自雇活动的群体及工资雇员群体的收入流动性进行测度。对于两者之间的关系,即自雇活动对收入流动性的影响,选择Multinomial Logit模型进行回归分析,来探究影响自雇者收入变动的具体因素。所得出的结论是相比于工资雇员,自雇者具有更高的收入流动性。其中个体初始收入地位、个体特征、人力资本等因素都对其收入变动有较为显著的影响。根据所得出的结论,对政府推动非农自雇活动提出的建议是,政府应该理性引导大众从事自雇活动,为自雇群体提供更多的职业技能培训;制定完善的社会保障制度,以减轻自雇者的创业负担;消除劳动力市场上的就业歧视,为农村中从事自雇活动的劳动者提供更多职业技能培训和工作岗位;利用税收、转移支付等财政手段降低阶层固化趋势。本文的主要创新之处在于,以往学者们对个体选择自雇的影响因素做了大量研究,但是对自雇个体的收入变动情况,相关研究还没有给予足够的关注。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of individuals engaged in non-agricultural self-employment activities has grown rapidly in both developed and developing countries. As a result, non-agricultural self-employment activities, including innovation and entrepreneurship, have received increasing attention from government departments, arguing that self-employment activities can expand employment.To some extent, it plays a more active role in solving the problem of employment. At the same time, self-employed activities help to promote the vertical mobility of individual income.With the continuous exploration of the income distribution problem, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the problem of income mobility, from the dynamic point of view to study the income changes at the beginning and end of the individual.Although we can not effectively solve the growing income gap for a period of time, we can ensure that every middle-income or even low-income person has the opportunity to move upward to the higher class from the point of view of ensuring equal opportunities.By improving the income mobility, unblocking the mechanism of income flow and promoting the change of individual income level, the negative influence of the social problem of "not being rich but uneven" can be reversed.The main content of this paper is to measure the income mobility of non-agricultural self-employed people, and to analyze the specific factors that affect the income change of non-agricultural self-employed groups.According to the microcosmic survey data provided by China Labor Force Dynamics Survey conducted by the Social Science Survey Center of Sun Yat-sen University, this paper uses the income conversion matrix as an income mobility measurement tool.This paper measures the income mobility of non-farm self-employed groups and wage employees.For the relationship between the two, that is, the effect of self-employed activities on income mobility, the Multinomial Logit model is selected to analyze the specific factors that affect the income change of self-employed persons.The conclusion is that self-employed people have higher income mobility than wage employees.Among them, the initial income status, individual characteristics, human capital and other factors have a significant impact on the change of income.According to the conclusion, the suggestion to the government to promote non-agricultural self-employment is that the government should rationally lead the public to engage in self-employment activities, provide more vocational skills training for self-employed groups, and formulate a sound social security system.To reduce the entrepreneurial burden on self-employed persons; to eliminate employment discrimination in the labour market and to provide more vocational skills training and jobs for self-employed workers in rural areas; and to take advantage of taxes,Transfer payments and other financial means to reduce class solidification trend.The main innovation of this paper is that previous scholars have done a lot of research on the influence factors of individual self-employment, but the related research has not paid enough attention to the income change of self-employed individuals.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F124.7;F249.21

【参考文献】