拉萨市失地农牧民的就业现状及其影响因素的实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 14:29

本文选题：城镇化 + 失地农牧民　；参考：《西藏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地是民生之本,是农牧民赖以生存的资本。城镇化进程持续加速,越来越多的土地被政府或第三方建筑商征走,土地原始作用发生转变,不能再被用作农业生产,农牧民也不能再依赖土地为生,失地群体数量急剧增加。失地农牧民处于社会底层,受教育水平较低,普遍缺乏非农就业技能,失去土地后,不仅收入减少,基本生活保障也存在较大困难,生活质量严重下降。分析影响失地农牧民就业的因素及成因,提升失地农牧民生活质量和就业能力,促进其可持续发展,已成为学界研究的热点。本研究以拉萨市失地农牧民的就业现状为例,展开实地调研,根据调研数据完成论文撰写。全文共分为五个部分。第一部分阐明失地农牧民就业的背景意义,国内外相关文献、研究方法、思路框架及创新点与不足,明确研究重点与难点,确保预期研究目的。第二部分对相关概念进行界定,对概念间的关系进行了阐述,利用相关理论支撑本研究,以理论指导实践,达到理论与实践相统一。第三部分以堆龙德庆区乃琼镇的失地农牧民为调查对象,通过入户访谈和问卷调查法进行实地调研,从被调查对象的年龄分布、受教育情况、职业分布、就业渠道和家庭年收入变化情况,失地农牧民就业的影响因素出发,对失地农牧民就业现状进行综合全面分析,揭示失地农牧民就业存在的问题。第四部分指出了失地农民就业存在的问题:当前失地农牧民的就业状况不乐观,从自身层面看,失地农牧民普遍存在受教育程度低,缺乏非农就业技能,等、靠、要思想严重,思想认识过于保守,语言沟通存在障碍,法律意识淡薄及宗教信仰重于家庭经济增长态势,且就业积极性不高,就业质量偏低,收入偏少,就业渠道窄且缺乏稳定性等;从政府层面看,政府帮扶引导不足,小额贷款等金融帮扶政策不足,就业指导培训服务少,补偿方式过于单一,就业信息不流通等;此外,中介组织、就业服务指导机构、市场等第三方组织的帮扶参与度不高,提供就业安置岗位较少,无法容纳大批剩余劳动力。第五部分关于解决失地农牧民就业问题的对策和建议:加强失地农牧民文化素质建设,提升人力资本存量,充分发挥农牧民的主体地位;增强失地农牧民物质资本储备量,调整区域产业结构,确定统筹城乡一体的观念,建立城乡一体化就业市场;完善就业保障体系,拓宽就业渠道,确立政府、社区、第三方组织就业服务主体多元化体系,保障失地农牧民就业。最后是结语,对全文作出总结概括,并对未来研究提出展望和建议。
[Abstract]:Land is the foundation of people's livelihood and the capital on which farmers and herdsmen depend for survival.The process of urbanization continues to accelerate, more and more land has been taken away by the government or third party builders, the original role of land has changed, can no longer be used as agricultural production, farmers and herdsmen can no longer depend on land for a living, and the number of land-lost groups has increased sharply.The landless farmers and herdsmen are at the bottom of the society, with low education level and lack of non-agricultural employment skills. After losing land, not only the income is reduced, but also the basic living security is difficult, and the quality of life is seriously reduced.To analyze the factors affecting the employment of landless farmers and herdsmen, to improve the quality of life and employment ability of farmers and herdsmen, and to promote their sustainable development, has become a hot spot in academic circles.This study takes the employment situation of landless farmers and herdsmen in Lhasa as an example, carries out field investigation and completes the thesis writing according to the survey data.The full text is divided into five parts.The first part clarifies the background significance of the employment of landless farmers and herdsmen, the relevant literature, research methods, thinking framework, innovation points and deficiencies at home and abroad, clarifies the key points and difficulties of the research, and ensures the expected purpose of the research.The second part defines the related concepts, expounds the relationship between the concepts, and supports this study with the relevant theories, guiding the practice with the theory to achieve the unity of theory and practice.The third part takes the landless farmers and herdsmen in Naiqiong Town of Dillongdeqing District as the investigation object, through the method of household interview and questionnaire investigation, from the age distribution, the education situation, the occupation distribution of the investigated object.Based on the changes of employment channels and annual income of families and the factors affecting the employment of landless farmers and herdsmen, the present employment situation of landless farmers and herdsmen is comprehensively analyzed to reveal the problems existing in the employment of landless farmers and herdsmen.The fourth part points out the problems existing in the employment of landless farmers: at present, the employment situation of landless farmers and herdsmen is not optimistic. On their own level, farmers and herdsmen generally have low education, lack of non-agricultural employment skills, and so on.The ideology is too conservative, the language communication obstacle exists, the legal consciousness is weak and the religious belief is heavier than the family economic growth situation, and the employment enthusiasm is not high, the employment quality is on the low side, the income is on the low side, the employment channel is narrow and lacks the stability and so on.At the government level, the government has insufficient support and guidance, inadequate financial assistance policies such as micro-loans, less employment guidance and training services, too single compensation methods, and lack of circulation of employment information. In addition, intermediary organizations and employment service guidance organizations,Third-party organizations, such as the market, are less involved in helping and providing fewer jobs, unable to accommodate large numbers of surplus labor.The fifth part is about the countermeasures and suggestions to solve the employment problem of the peasants and herdsmen: strengthening the cultural quality construction of the peasants and herdsmen, promoting the human capital stock, giving full play to the main position of the farmers and herdsmen, and strengthening the material capital reserves of the peasants and herdsmen.Adjust the regional industrial structure, determine the concept of integrating urban and rural areas, establish an integrated employment market between urban and rural areas, perfect the employment security system, broaden employment channels, establish a diversified system of government, community and third party organizations for employment services.To ensure the employment of landless farmers and herdsmen.The last part is the conclusion, which summarizes the full text and puts forward some prospects and suggestions for the future research.
【学位授予单位】：西藏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.27;F323.6

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