京津冀城市群就业空间结构及集散趋势研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 03:38

本文选题：就业 + 空间结构　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：京津冀城市群是我国重要的国家级城市群之一,其地理范围包括了我国的首都北京、北方最大的港口城市天津以及河北省的11个地级市。然而,京津冀三地社会经济发展水平差距较大,城市等级规模结构不合理,资源分配不均衡,京津两地中心地位突出,特别是北京的“大城市病”严重,这些问题影响了京津冀城市群整体竞争力的提升。在京津冀协同发展战略要求下,调整和优化京津冀城市群空间结构成为了解决该区域发展问题的突破口。其中,就业分布是影响区域空间结构的重要方面,对就业空间结构的把握是优化区域整体空间结构的前提。基于以上背景,本文在回顾了国内外关于区域空间结构的理论和实证研究成果的基础上,整理了 2000年到2012年分区县的就业人数和就业密度数据,从就业分布的视角出发,运用空间统计方法,特别是探索性空间分析方法(ESDA),并结合GIS的空间分析技术,研究了京津冀城市群就业空间结构特征及其集聚——扩散趋势。首先,本文利用四分位图和核密度图分析了 2000年到2012年京津冀城市群就业密度的总体空间差异及变化,结果表明京津冀城市群就业密度总体分布极不均衡,表现为西北部与东南部的差异、城市与城市之间的差异以及城市内部中心区域与周边区县的差异。就业空间特征表现为以北京为强中心的多中心结构,并形成京津、京唐秦、京保石三个就业集中分布的轴线。按照就业密度差异将京津石划分为一级就业中心,保唐沧邢邯为二级就业中心,张秦为三级就业中心,承廊衡为四级就业中心。然后,本文通过空间自相关分析证明,2000年到2012年京津冀城市群就业的整体空间集散特征表现为集聚趋势明显且仍在进一步集聚,并且区域内部存在相对稳定的高就业密度集聚区和低就业密度集聚区,区域就业密度分布差异明显。其次,本文通过就业重心和标准离差椭圆说明,2000年到2012年京津冀城市群就业重心整体偏北且变化不大,就业分布的主要方向为“东北——西南”,就业分布核心区为北京、天津、廊坊、唐山、保定、石家庄、沧州地区,且核心区范围在缩小,就业向核心区集聚趋势进一步加强。再次,本文利用区位商、行业集中率和空间基尼系数三个指标,研究了京津冀城市群分产业分行业的就业集聚情况。研究结果表明大多数行业集中分布在城市群中的几个重要城市,2008年到2012年各产业各行业就业分布集散趋势的不尽相同。第一产业就业分布呈扩散趋势,第二、三产业就业分布呈集中趋势。京津冀城市群在第三产业的就业上集聚程度较高,具有比较优势。唐山、天津、北京分别在第一产业、第二产业、第三产业的就业上最具优势,各个城市也在不同的产业和行业的就业中具有一定的比较优势。最后,本文从提高市场开放程度、明确产业功能定位、促进人力资源互通互融、完善交通网络系统、促进公共服务一体化、加强生态环保合作等几个方面对优化京津冀城市群就业空间布局提出建议。
[Abstract]:Tianjin city group is one of the important national city in China, its geographical scope includes China's capital Beijing, the largest port city in the north of Tianjin and Hebei in 11 cities. However, three of Tianjin Economic and social development level difference, city level scale structure unreasonable, unbalanced the allocation of resources, the status of Beijing and Tianjin Center is outstanding, especially the Beijing "urban diseases" serious, these problems affect the overall competitiveness of Beijing and Tianjin city group. To enhance the coordinated development strategy in Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Tianjin city group spatial structure adjustment and optimization of Beijing and Tianjin to become a breakthrough in solving the problems of regional development. Among them, employment distribution is an important aspect of regional spatial structure, the spatial structure of employment is the premise to grasp the overall regional spatial structure optimization. Based on the above background, this paper reviews at home and abroad The basic theory and empirical research results of regional spatial structure, the employment in 2000 to 2012 in different counties and employment density data, starting from the perspective of employment distribution, using spatial statistics methods, especially the method of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), combined with GIS spatial analysis technology, study the characteristics of employment space the structure of Tianjin city group and its agglomeration diffusion trend. Firstly, this paper use four bitmap and kernel density map to analysis the difference in the overall spatial employment density and change of Tianjin city group from 2000 to 2012 in Beijing, the Beijing and Tianjin city group overall employment density distribution is extremely uneven, showing difference for Northwest and Southeast, the difference between the city and the city and the city in the central area and surrounding counties. Features of employment space for multi center structure with Beijing as the center of the strong, and Cheng Jingjin, Tang Qin, Jing Bao Shi three axis employment concentration distribution. According to the employment density difference will be divided into Beijing Tianjin Shijiazhuang level employment center, Paul Tang Cang Xing Han two employment center, Zhang Qin is the three level employment centers, bearing four corridor scale employment center. Then, through spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the overall spatial distribution features of 2000 to 2012, Beijing and Tianjin city group employment is obvious concentration trend and still further agglomeration, and within the region there exists a relatively stable high employment and low density area employment density area, the regional difference of industry density distribution is obvious. Secondly, through the center of gravity and the standard deviation of employment elliptic, from 2000 to 2012 Beijing and Tianjin city group center north and little change overall employment, employment distribution as the main direction of "Northeast - Southwest", the employment distribution of the core area of Beijing, Tianjin, Gallery Fang, Tangshan, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Cangzhou, and the core area to reduce the employment to the core area agglomeration trend further strengthened. Thirdly, this paper uses the location quotient, industry concentration ratio and spatial Gini coefficient three indexes of Beijing and Tianjin city group of industry branch of industry employment concentration. The results of the study show that several the most important city industry concentrated in the city in 2008 to 2012, the industry distribution of employment distribution trend is not the same. The first industry employment distribution showed a tendency to spread, the second, third industry employment distribution was concentrated. Tianjin city group in the third industry employment on the degree of concentration has a comparative advantage in Tangshan. Tianjin, Beijing, respectively, in the first industry, the second industry, the most advantages of the third industry employment, each city in different industries and industries the industry has a certain ratio More advantages. Finally, this paper improve the degree of market opening, clear industrial functions, promote the exchange of human resources integration, improve the transportation network system, promote the integration of public services, strengthen environmental protection cooperation and other aspects put forward some suggestions to optimize the Beijing and Tianjin city group employment space layout.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.27

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