劳动生产率差异、城市化与就业结构优化

发布时间：2018-05-13 13:54

本文选题：劳动生产率差异 + 城市化　；参考：《现代经济探讨》2017年06期

【摘要】：相对于第二产业,我国第三产业的劳动生产率偏低,这与发达国家两产业劳动生产率趋同的现象相反。城市化是产业结构和就业结构调整的重要推手,也在无形之中对产业的劳动生产率产生着巨大影响。在工业化时期,第二产业劳动生产率得到快速提升,第三产业也具备了快速发展的需求规模,在由工业化向城市化跃进时期,相对于第二产业,城市化对第三产业发展的影响则更加直接且强大,第三产业也逐渐成为吸纳农村剩余劳动力的主力。但我国第三产业劳动生产率并没有因此而提高,在产业结构和就业结构之间存在明显缺口。本文基于理论和典型化事实,利用MSVAR模型检验了当前以第三产业为主导的城市化是否是二三产业间劳动生产率存在差异的重要因素,并在检验过程中挖掘制约城市化对第三产业劳动生产率促进作用的因素。研究结论显示,进一步提高城市化水平并改善城市化进程中的政策环境是发挥城市化对服务业劳动生产率促进作用的关键。
[Abstract]:Compared with the secondary industry, the labor productivity of the tertiary industry in China is on the low side, which is contrary to the convergence of the labor productivity of the two industries in the developed countries. Urbanization plays an important role in the adjustment of industrial structure and employment structure. In the period of industrialization, the labor productivity of the secondary industry has been raised rapidly, and the tertiary industry has also possessed the demand scale of rapid development. In the period of the leap from industrialization to urbanization, the third industry, in contrast to the second industry, The influence of urbanization on the development of tertiary industry is more direct and stronger, and the tertiary industry has gradually become the main force of absorbing rural surplus labor force. However, the productivity of the tertiary industry has not been improved, and there is a clear gap between the industrial structure and the employment structure. Based on the theory and the typical facts, this paper uses the MSVAR model to test whether the urbanization dominated by the tertiary industry is an important factor in the difference of labor productivity between the secondary and tertiary industries. In the process of inspection, the factors that restrict the promotion of urbanization to the tertiary industry labor productivity are excavated. The conclusion shows that further improving the level of urbanization and improving the policy environment in the process of urbanization is the key to give full play to the role of urbanization in promoting the labor productivity of the service industry.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院工业经济研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘中国制造2025’的技术路径、产业选择与战略规划研究”(项目编号:15ZDB149) 第58批中国博士后科学基金项目“‘一带一路’沿线国家工业化进程与产能合作研究”(项目编号:2015M581245)
【分类号】：F249.2;F299.2

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