劳动力成本变动与我国制造业产品的出口竞争力——基于WTO数据库和各统计年鉴数据库的匹配数据

发布时间：2018-08-04 20:51

【摘要】：本文以WTO数据库中的贸易数据测算了近年来我国制造业产品的出口竞争力指数,结果显示:2011年之前我国制造业产品总体的出口竞争力不断上升,而2012年后有所下降。本文同时以历年中国劳动统计年鉴和中国工业经济统计年鉴中的数据计算了近年来我国制造业的单位劳动力成本,计算结果为:2011年之前虽然工资不断上涨,但劳动生产率增长更快,因此单位劳动力成本在2011年之前处于不断下降阶段;但2012年后情况出现变化,单位劳动力成本小幅上升。我国制造业产品出口竞争力的变动与制造业单位劳动力成本变动的时间节点一致。实证分析的结果表明:单位劳动力成本的两个因素(工资和劳动生产率)对我国制造业的出口竞争力有明显影响,但劳动力成本的变动对制造业分类产品出口竞争力的影响有所不同。本文最后给出了应对劳动力成本上升的三种思路。
[Abstract]:Based on the trade data in WTO database, this paper calculates the export competitiveness index of China's manufacturing products in recent years. The results show that the overall export competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing products increased continuously before 2011, but declined after 2012. This paper calculates the unit labor cost of Chinese manufacturing industry in recent years with the data of China Labor Statistics Yearbook and China Industrial Economic Statistics Yearbook. The results are as follows: although wages are rising continuously before 2011, But labour productivity is growing faster, so unit labour costs are falling until 2011; but things have changed since 2012, with unit labour costs rising slightly. The change of export competitiveness of manufacturing industry is consistent with the time node of unit labor cost change of manufacturing industry. The results of empirical analysis show that the two factors of unit labor cost (wages and labor productivity) have a significant impact on the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. However, the impact of the change of labor cost on the export competitiveness of classified products of manufacturing industry is different. At the end of this paper, three ways to deal with the rising labor cost are given.
【作者单位】：安徽工业大学商学院;南京审计大学经济与贸易学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目“中国劳动力流动的地区福利效应研究”(16YJA790012) 安徽省高校人文社科重点项目“劳动力成本上升对内陆地区出口竞争力的影响:理论分析与实证检验”(SK2016A0170) 江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目“劳动力流动与江苏新型城镇化协同机制研究”(2014ZDIXM016) 江苏省第五期“333工程”科研项目“江苏省战略性新兴产业发展对就业结构的影响与政策研究”(BRA2017460) 安徽工业大学青年教师科研基金项目(QS201405) 江苏高校“青蓝工程”资助(苏教办师[2017]5号)
【分类号】：F249.2;F424;F752.62

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