20世纪90年代以来我国劳动收入份额的变动趋势及影响因素分析
发布时间：2018-08-04 16:43
【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的经济建设取得了巨大成就,经济总量位居世界第二,人民生活水平不断提高。但是,自20世纪90年代起,我国劳动收入份额出现了明显下降,并且长期保持在低位。这一现象不仅挑战了卡尔多特征事实,也与我国劳动力资源丰富的比较优势不符,更重要的是劳动收入份额长期低位运行将加剧我国的贫富差距,不利于社会稳定和经济发展。广大学者对此做出了大量的研究,主要集中在两个方面：一是针对我国劳动收入份额的变动趋势和现状进行研究;二是针对我国劳动收入份额的影响因素进行研究。这两方面的研究都涌现了大量有价值的成果、取得了重要进展。但是在新的经济形势下,对我国劳动收入份额的研究依然具有价值,例如：我们通过数据分析发现我国劳动收入份额并不是一直处于下降趋势,事实上从2011年起,我国劳动收入份额连续不断上升,我们认为这种趋势的变化值得进一步研究。另外,在我国劳动收入份额的影响因素方面,既有研究多从实证角度进行分析,对于理论分析则较为简略。我们认为充分而深入的理论分析是必要的,厘清各因素对我国劳动收入份额的影响机制,将会对实证研究提供更好的支持。从以上两点出发,本文将使用理论分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法,对我国劳动收入份额的变动趋势和影响因素进行研究。在我国劳动收入份额的变动趋势和现状方面,我们使用了全国和分省的数据分别证实这一上升的趋势;在我国劳动收入份额的影响因素上,我们借鉴因素分析法,着重分析产业结构升级、所有制结构变动、人力资本水平、农村剩余劳动力转移等四大因素对我国劳动收入份额的影响机制。随后在实证部分,我们使用1996-2014年的时间序列数据,将以上四大因素纳入模型,进行实证分析。研究结果表明：产业结构转型在短期内将带来劳动收入份额的下降,但是从长期看,随着第三产业就业人数的增多,其对我国劳动收入份额的影响是正向的;以国企改革、民营化和外资化为特征的所有制结构变动将会带来我国劳动收入份额的下降;人力资本水平的提高对我国劳动收入份额的增长具有巨大的推动作用;农村剩余劳动力转移将通过影响劳动力的供求和劳动生产率使得我国劳动收入份额下降。以上结论得到了实证结果的支持。在政策建议上,我们认为大力发展第三产业、提升劳动者对资方的议价能力、加强职业教育以及破除城镇化壁垒将有利于我国劳动收入份额的增长。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic construction has made great achievements, the total economic volume ranks second in the world, and the living standards of the people are constantly improving. However, since 1990's, the share of labor income in our country has declined obviously and remained low for a long time. This phenomenon not only challenges the fact of Caldor's characteristics, but also does not conform to the comparative advantage of our country's abundant labor force resources. More importantly, the long-term low operation of labor income share will aggravate the gap between the rich and the poor, which is not conducive to social stability and economic development. The majority of scholars have done a lot of research on this, mainly focused on two aspects: one is to study the changing trend and current situation of the share of labor income in China; the other is to study the influencing factors of the share of labor income in China. A great deal of valuable achievements have emerged in these two fields, and important progress has been made. However, in the new economic situation, the research on the share of labor income in China is still valuable. For example, we find that the share of labor income in China is not always in a downward trend through data analysis. In fact, since 2011, Our country labor income share continuously rises, we think this kind of trend change is worth further study. In addition, in the aspect of influencing factors of labor income share in our country, the existing research mostly carries on the analysis from the empirical angle, but the theoretical analysis is relatively simple. We think that it is necessary to make a full and thorough theoretical analysis, and to clarify the influence mechanism of various factors on the labor income share of our country will provide better support for the empirical research. From the above two points, this paper will use the research method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical analysis to study the changing trend and influencing factors of labor income share in China. In terms of the changing trend and present situation of labor income share in China, we use national and provincial data to confirm this rising trend, and we draw lessons from the factor analysis method on the influential factors of labor income share in our country. The paper mainly analyzes the influence mechanism of four factors, such as the upgrading of industrial structure, the change of ownership structure, the level of human capital and the transfer of rural surplus labor force, on the share of labor income in China. Then, in the empirical part, we use the time series data from 1996 to 2014 to incorporate the above four factors into the model for empirical analysis. The results show that the transformation of industrial structure will bring about the decline of labor income share in the short term, but in the long run, with the increase of employment in the tertiary industry, its influence on labor income share of our country is positive. Privatization and the change of ownership structure characterized by foreign capital will bring about the decline of labor income share in China, and the improvement of human capital level will greatly promote the growth of labor income share in China. The transfer of rural surplus labor force will affect labor supply and demand and labor productivity to reduce the share of labor income in China. These conclusions are supported by empirical results. In terms of policy suggestions, we think that vigorously developing the tertiary industry, enhancing the bargaining power of workers to management, strengthening vocational education and breaking down the barriers of urbanization will benefit the increase of labor income share in China.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic construction has made great achievements, the total economic volume ranks second in the world, and the living standards of the people are constantly improving. However, since 1990's, the share of labor income in our country has declined obviously and remained low for a long time. This phenomenon not only challenges the fact of Caldor's characteristics, but also does not conform to the comparative advantage of our country's abundant labor force resources. More importantly, the long-term low operation of labor income share will aggravate the gap between the rich and the poor, which is not conducive to social stability and economic development. The majority of scholars have done a lot of research on this, mainly focused on two aspects: one is to study the changing trend and current situation of the share of labor income in China; the other is to study the influencing factors of the share of labor income in China. A great deal of valuable achievements have emerged in these two fields, and important progress has been made. However, in the new economic situation, the research on the share of labor income in China is still valuable. For example, we find that the share of labor income in China is not always in a downward trend through data analysis. In fact, since 2011, Our country labor income share continuously rises, we think this kind of trend change is worth further study. In addition, in the aspect of influencing factors of labor income share in our country, the existing research mostly carries on the analysis from the empirical angle, but the theoretical analysis is relatively simple. We think that it is necessary to make a full and thorough theoretical analysis, and to clarify the influence mechanism of various factors on the labor income share of our country will provide better support for the empirical research. From the above two points, this paper will use the research method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical analysis to study the changing trend and influencing factors of labor income share in China. In terms of the changing trend and present situation of labor income share in China, we use national and provincial data to confirm this rising trend, and we draw lessons from the factor analysis method on the influential factors of labor income share in our country. The paper mainly analyzes the influence mechanism of four factors, such as the upgrading of industrial structure, the change of ownership structure, the level of human capital and the transfer of rural surplus labor force, on the share of labor income in China. Then, in the empirical part, we use the time series data from 1996 to 2014 to incorporate the above four factors into the model for empirical analysis. The results show that the transformation of industrial structure will bring about the decline of labor income share in the short term, but in the long run, with the increase of employment in the tertiary industry, its influence on labor income share of our country is positive. Privatization and the change of ownership structure characterized by foreign capital will bring about the decline of labor income share in China, and the improvement of human capital level will greatly promote the growth of labor income share in China. The transfer of rural surplus labor force will affect labor supply and demand and labor productivity to reduce the share of labor income in China. These conclusions are supported by empirical results. In terms of policy suggestions, we think that vigorously developing the tertiary industry, enhancing the bargaining power of workers to management, strengthening vocational education and breaking down the barriers of urbanization will benefit the increase of labor income share in China.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2
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相关期刊论文 前10条
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