最低工资标准提高对就业正规化的影响

发布时间：2018-10-14 18:26

【摘要】：虽然最低工资政策的出发点是为了维持正规部门低收入者生活水平,但本文发现其执行效果并不局限于此,而是在一定条件下对中国经济存在"大推进"作用,即有利于更高工资、更高消费和正规化均衡的实现。结果显示:最低工资标准对正规部门就业者工资收入提升弹性大于非正规部门就业者,且从分位数看表现为"U"型,因此,最低工资标准上涨拉大了部门间和部门内就业者工资差距;最低工资标准提高对消费支出刺激作用明显,每10%的增长预计能够带来四省市城镇居民消费支出增加约11.67亿元;随着本地实际最低工资标准的提高,批发和零售业、住宿和餐饮业中的正规部门出现扩张,非正规部门出现收缩,而制造业和房地产业则呈现出"逆正规化"趋势。基于"大推进"理论,本文分析认为,在最低工资标准大范围、高频率、大幅度攀升背景下,需求和行业TFP增速是就业正规化出现行业异质性的重要原因。
[Abstract]:Although the starting point of the minimum wage policy is to maintain the standard of living of low-income people in the formal sector, this paper finds that the effect of its implementation is not limited to this, but has a "big push" effect on the Chinese economy under certain conditions. That is, higher wages, higher consumption and regularization of the realization of equilibrium. The results show that the elasticity of minimum wage increases for formal sector workers is greater than that for informal sector workers, and is shown to be "U" type in quantiles. The increase in the minimum wage standard has widened the wage gap among and within the employment sector, and the increase in the minimum wage standard has an obvious stimulating effect on consumer spending, and every 10 percent increase is expected to bring about an increase of about 1.167 billion yuan in the consumption expenditure of urban residents in the four provinces and cities. As local real minimum wages rise, the formal sector in wholesale and retail trade, accommodation and restaurants expands, the informal sector shrinks, while manufacturing and real estate show a "reverse regularization" trend. Based on the theory of "big advance", this paper analyzes that under the background of large range, high frequency and large increase of minimum wage, demand and industry TFP growth rate are the important reasons for the heterogeneity of employment regularization.
【作者单位】：复旦大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国经济发展新常态的趋势性特征及政策取向研究”(批准号15ZDA008) 国家自然科学基金重点项目“推动经济发达地区产业转型升级的机制与政策研究”(批准号71333002)
【分类号】：F249.24

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