有偏技术进步对我国制造业能源强度的影响及实证研究
发布时间：2018-12-11 07:44
【摘要】：中国环境面临的形势非常严峻,大气污染物排放总量居高不下。引起大气污染的最主要因素就是能源的过度使用,而且我国能源效率偏低,使用结构不合理,落后的能源技术将严重的制约我国经济又好又快的发展,所以降低能源强度、提高能源效率迫在眉睫,尤其对于工业中的制造业。技术进步被认为是影响能源强度的最主要因素,是我国理论探讨和政策方向的热点。回顾了技术进步的相关研究之后,本文首先将我国制造业划分为劳动密集型、资本密集型和技术密集型产业,通过建立四要素KLEM超越对数成本函数,将技术进步分为中性技术进步与有偏技术进步一同考虑到成本函数中,并且将技术进步的影响因素划分为RD、技术引进、技术改造和FDI。采用影子替代弹性得到我国制造业以及各要素密集型产业的替代和互补情况。在求出替代互补关系的基础上,根据技术进步对要素投入份额的变化计算要素偏向,最后根据函数推导求解出技术进步对于能源强度的影响。利用面板数据联立方程组模型,"似不相关回归法(SUR)"估计方法求解系数。回归结果发现在制造业中,资本、劳动、能源和中间品这四种要素中只有能源与劳动存在互补关系,其他要素均为替代关系,技术进步的影响因素基本都是偏向于降低能源。对于能源强度影响最大的是RD,增加1%创新投入,RD会使得制造业能源强度下降0.294%,其次为技术引进和FDI,分别为0.109%和0.041%,技术改造会提高能源强度0.219%。在制造业不同要素密集产业中,资本密集型产业和劳动密集型产业的替代情况与制造业一致,技术密集型产业中除了能源与劳动、能源与中间品存在互补关系其余均为替代关系。三种要素密集产业中,技术进步的要素偏向的方向基本一致,但偏向程度不同,这也导致了对能源强度的影响不同。RD在资本密集型产业、劳动密集型产业和技术密集型产业中对降低能源强度的作用最大,弹性分别为0.192,0.268,1.268,技术改造均会使能源强度上升。在制造业以及各不同要素密集型产业中有偏技术进步对是降低能源强度的主要渠道。本文分析了技术进步的四种来源RD、技术引进、技术改造和FDI通过中性技术进步和有偏技术进步,对制造业及其要素密集型产业能源强度的影响。对准确分析影响我国制造业能源强度的影响情况、制定提高能源效率的相关政策具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。
[Abstract]:China's environment is facing a very serious situation, the total amount of atmospheric pollutants emissions remain high. The most important factor causing air pollution is the excessive use of energy, and our energy efficiency is on the low side, the structure of use is unreasonable, and backward energy technologies will seriously restrict the sound and rapid development of our economy, so the energy intensity will be reduced. Improving energy efficiency is urgent, especially for manufacturing in industry. Technological progress is considered to be the most important factor affecting energy intensity, and it is the focus of theoretical discussion and policy direction in China. After reviewing the related research of technological progress, this paper first divides our manufacturing industry into labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries, and establishes a four-element KLEM transcending logarithmic cost function. The technological progress is divided into neutral technological progress and biased technological progress in consideration of cost function, and the influencing factors of technological progress are divided into RD, technology introduction, technological transformation and FDI.. The shadow substitution elasticity is used to obtain the substitution and complementation of the manufacturing industry and various factor intensive industries in China. Based on the relationship of substitution and complementation, the factor bias is calculated according to the change of technological progress to factor input share. Finally, the influence of technological progress on energy intensity is solved according to the function derivation. Using the panel data simultaneous equations model, the "seemingly unrelated regression method (SUR)" estimation method is used to solve the coefficients. The regression results show that among the four factors of manufacturing industry, capital, labor, energy and intermediate goods only have complementary relationship between energy and labor, the other factors are all substitute relations, and the influencing factors of technological progress are all inclined to reduce energy. The biggest impact on energy intensity is the increase of 1% innovation input in RD,. RD will reduce the energy intensity of manufacturing industry by 0.294%, followed by technology introduction (0.109%) and FDI, (0.041%). Technological transformation will increase energy intensity by 0.219. The substitution of capital-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries is the same as that of manufacturing industries, and in technology-intensive industries, in addition to energy and labor, There is a complementary relationship between energy and intermediates. The rest are substitute relations. In the three kinds of factor intensive industries, the direction of the factors bias of technological progress is basically the same, but the degree of bias is different, which also leads to different effects on energy intensity.; RD in capital-intensive industries, In the labor-intensive industry and technology-intensive industry, the energy intensity is reduced the most, the elasticity is 0.192 ~ 0.268 ~ 1.268 respectively, and the technical transformation will increase the energy intensity. Biased technological progress is the main channel for reducing energy intensity in manufacturing and different factor intensive industries. This paper analyzes four sources of technological progress: the introduction of RD, technology, the influence of technological transformation and FDI on the energy intensity of manufacturing industry and its element-intensive industries through neutral technological progress and biased technological progress. It has certain theoretical value and practical significance to accurately analyze the influence situation of energy intensity of manufacturing industry in our country and make relevant policies to improve energy efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F224;F424
本文编号：2372162
[Abstract]:China's environment is facing a very serious situation, the total amount of atmospheric pollutants emissions remain high. The most important factor causing air pollution is the excessive use of energy, and our energy efficiency is on the low side, the structure of use is unreasonable, and backward energy technologies will seriously restrict the sound and rapid development of our economy, so the energy intensity will be reduced. Improving energy efficiency is urgent, especially for manufacturing in industry. Technological progress is considered to be the most important factor affecting energy intensity, and it is the focus of theoretical discussion and policy direction in China. After reviewing the related research of technological progress, this paper first divides our manufacturing industry into labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries, and establishes a four-element KLEM transcending logarithmic cost function. The technological progress is divided into neutral technological progress and biased technological progress in consideration of cost function, and the influencing factors of technological progress are divided into RD, technology introduction, technological transformation and FDI.. The shadow substitution elasticity is used to obtain the substitution and complementation of the manufacturing industry and various factor intensive industries in China. Based on the relationship of substitution and complementation, the factor bias is calculated according to the change of technological progress to factor input share. Finally, the influence of technological progress on energy intensity is solved according to the function derivation. Using the panel data simultaneous equations model, the "seemingly unrelated regression method (SUR)" estimation method is used to solve the coefficients. The regression results show that among the four factors of manufacturing industry, capital, labor, energy and intermediate goods only have complementary relationship between energy and labor, the other factors are all substitute relations, and the influencing factors of technological progress are all inclined to reduce energy. The biggest impact on energy intensity is the increase of 1% innovation input in RD,. RD will reduce the energy intensity of manufacturing industry by 0.294%, followed by technology introduction (0.109%) and FDI, (0.041%). Technological transformation will increase energy intensity by 0.219. The substitution of capital-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries is the same as that of manufacturing industries, and in technology-intensive industries, in addition to energy and labor, There is a complementary relationship between energy and intermediates. The rest are substitute relations. In the three kinds of factor intensive industries, the direction of the factors bias of technological progress is basically the same, but the degree of bias is different, which also leads to different effects on energy intensity.; RD in capital-intensive industries, In the labor-intensive industry and technology-intensive industry, the energy intensity is reduced the most, the elasticity is 0.192 ~ 0.268 ~ 1.268 respectively, and the technical transformation will increase the energy intensity. Biased technological progress is the main channel for reducing energy intensity in manufacturing and different factor intensive industries. This paper analyzes four sources of technological progress: the introduction of RD, technology, the influence of technological transformation and FDI on the energy intensity of manufacturing industry and its element-intensive industries through neutral technological progress and biased technological progress. It has certain theoretical value and practical significance to accurately analyze the influence situation of energy intensity of manufacturing industry in our country and make relevant policies to improve energy efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F224;F424
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