中国知识型劳动力跨国流动作用机理研究

发布时间：2019-05-23 11:28

【摘要】：经济全球化浪潮下,各国之间的联系交流更加频繁,技术、资本等不同类型生产要素在世界范围内广泛流通,知识型劳动力作为一种极为重要的生产要素在各国之间的流动也日益频繁,发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着“十三五”规划的实施,中国经济进一步强化供给侧改革,充分发挥市场作用,加强政府监督。目前的宏观经济背景下,哪些因素将会极大地促进我国知识型劳动力跨国流动,而这些影响因素的作用机理又是如何?这一问题的研究对于实现我国政治、经济、文化等协调可持续发展,促进知识型劳动力更好流动极为重要。目前,学者对于影响知识型劳动力跨国流动的作用机理鲜有研究,对于这一研究方向还存在很大不足。因此,本文的研究既弥补了这一不足,也为能够更好地促进中国知识型劳动力跨国流动提供很好地理论借鉴。基于此,本文以推拉理论、要素禀赋理论、双重劳动力市场理论、新经济地理学理论等作为研究的理论基础,将知识型劳动力定义为全日制专科及以上学历的高校毕业生,主要包括所有教育院校的教育工作者、科研部门及政府工作者、企业管理人员、出国留学人员及海归等四个方面,并从我国知识型劳动力区域分布、跨国流动总量特征、跨国流动选择分布等几个方面做了描述。本文在对FDI、对外贸易、知识产权保护等三个因素对知识型劳动力跨国流动作用机理进行分析基础上,运用定量分析法,选取FDI、知识产权保护强度、对外贸易发展程度等作为解释变量,而知识产权保护强度指标的选取也是本文的重要创新点,并用海归数量作为知识型劳动力的替代变量,地区经济发展水平、金融发展程度、人力资本水平等作为控制变量,利用省际面板数据进行回归分析得出,知识产权保护强度和FDI对中国知识型劳动力跨国流动存在正向促进作用且显著,对外贸易对知识型劳动力跨国流动也存在一定正向促进作用,但不显著。本文通过进一步对知识产权保护强度这一变量进行门槛特征回归比较分析,实证结果我们也有了创新,结果显示,单纯从知识产权保护强度来讲,目前各个省加强知识产权保护强度是有利于中国知识型劳动力跨国流动的;从产业结构高低来讲,产业结构高的省份加强知识产权保护是有利于我国知识型劳动力跨国流动的,而产业机构低的省份加强知识产权保护对知识型劳动力跨国流动存在负向作用,需要进一步优化产业结构;随着金融发展程度的不断提高,加强知识产权保护强度对中国知识型劳动力跨国流动有着积极影响。文章在最后一章节从加大实际利用外资额并拓宽外资利用渠道、深化对外贸易程度并加强经济外向化、加强知识产权保护等几个方面提出相关政策建议,以便更好地促进中国知识型劳动力跨国流动,为中国经济发展做出突出贡献。
[Abstract]:Under the tide of economic globalization, the links and exchanges between countries are more frequent, and different types of production factors, such as technology, capital and so on, are widely circulated around the world. As a very important factor of production, the flow of knowledge-based labor force between countries is becoming more and more frequent and plays a more and more important role. With the implementation of the 13th five-year Plan, China's economy has further strengthened supply-side reform, gave full play to the role of the market, and strengthened government supervision. Under the current macroeconomic background, which factors will greatly promote the transnational flow of knowledge-based labor force in China, and what is the mechanism of these factors? The study of this problem is very important to realize the coordinated and sustainable development of politics, economy, culture and so on, and to promote the better flow of knowledge-based labor force. At present, there are few studies on the mechanism of affecting the transnational mobility of knowledge-based labor force, and there are still great shortcomings in this research direction. Therefore, the research in this paper not only makes up for this deficiency, but also provides a good theoretical reference for promoting the transnational flow of knowledge-based labor force in China. Based on this, this paper takes push-pull theory, factor endowment theory, dual labor market theory and new economic geography theory as the theoretical basis of the research, and defines the knowledge-based labor force as college graduates with full-time college education or above. It mainly includes four aspects: educators, scientific research departments and government workers, enterprise managers, overseas students and returned nationals from all educational colleges and universities, and from the regional distribution of knowledge-based labor force in China, the characteristics of the total amount of transnational mobility. The selection distribution of transnational flow is described in this paper. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of transnational mobility of knowledge-based labor force by three factors, such as FDI, foreign trade and intellectual property protection, this paper uses quantitative analysis method to select the intensity of intellectual property protection of FDI,. The degree of foreign trade development is regarded as the explanatory variable, and the selection of the intensity index of intellectual property protection is also an important innovation point of this paper, and the number of returnees is used as the alternative variable of the knowledge-based labor force, the level of regional economic development, the degree of financial development. The level of human capital is used as the control variable, and the regression analysis is carried out by using the inter-provincial panel data. It is concluded that the intensity of intellectual property protection and FDI have a positive and significant effect on the transnational flow of knowledge-based labor force in China. Foreign trade also has a certain positive role in promoting the transnational movement of knowledge-based labor force, but it is not significant. Through the further regression analysis of the threshold characteristics of the variable of intellectual property protection intensity, the empirical results also have innovation, the results show that, simply from the point of view of intellectual property protection intensity, At present, strengthening the intensity of intellectual property protection in various provinces is conducive to the transnational movement of knowledge-based labor force in China. As far as the level of industrial structure is concerned, strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights in provinces with high industrial structure is conducive to the transnational movement of knowledge-based labor force in China. However, the provinces with low industrial institutions have a negative effect on the transnational movement of knowledge-based labor force by strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights, so it is necessary to further optimize the industrial structure. With the continuous improvement of financial development, strengthening the intensity of intellectual property protection has a positive impact on the transnational flow of knowledge-based labor force in China. In the last chapter, the paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions from the aspects of increasing the actual utilization of foreign capital and widening the channels of foreign capital utilization, deepening the degree of foreign trade, strengthening the export-oriented economy, strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights, and so on. In order to better promote the transnational flow of knowledge-based labor force in China and make outstanding contributions to China's economic development.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.21;F125

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