我国环境污染责任保险的发展模式探讨

发布时间：2018-02-27 21:01

本文关键词： 环境污染环境污染责任保险实施方式发展模式　出处：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：工业化、城市化的发展带来了经济的高速增长,人类生活发生了翻天覆地的变化,人类生活水平也不断提高,但随之而来的环境污染却成为了威胁人类生存和发展的严峻问题。从环境侵权角度出发,环境污染会给第三者造成一系列直接或间接的损害,这种损害所对应的民事赔偿责任理应由造成污染事故的企业来承担。然而现实中污染企业常常不愿或无力承担污染事故造成的大额赔偿费用,以致自身破产、受害者无法获得补偿、政府财政负担加重等。为了解决这一问题,环境污染责任保险便出现在人们的视野中且倍受关注。在国外,环境污染责任保险的发展经历了起步、停滞和发展三个阶段,如今已渐臻佳境,积累了丰富的经验。而在我国,环境污染责任保险还在不断地尝试和探索,其具体的发展模式也一直是争论的热点。为此,本文对我国环境污染责任保险的发展模式作出相关探讨,旨在促进环境污染责任保险在我国的发展。本文的研究思路是：总结归纳前人的研究成果,对比国外经验,并结合当前我国试点开办的实际情况,提出发展我国环境污染责任保险的建议。本文的开始部分是导论,对本文的研究目的和意义、研究文献综述、研究的工具和方法、研究的结构安排等作了简要说明和介绍。第一章为我国发展环境污染责任保险的迫切性和可行性。首先从北京雾霾的案例引出对环境、环境污染、环境污染责任保险概念的简单介绍。目前,环境污染所带来的损失与能提供的损失补贴是不成比例的,相对传统的环境侵权救济,环境污染责任保险具有相对优势,因此开办环境污染责任保险是我国国情的迫切需求。最后通过市场的供需比较和理论实践基础的阐述,说明环境污染责任保险在我国开办的可行性。第二章为我国环境污染责任保险试点发展的现状及问题研究。首先对我国环境污染责任保险从整体发展历史到地方试点的具体情况进行了介绍,并针对其发展缓慢的现象分析了问题存在的根源。研究认为：目前我国现有法律缺乏对环境污染责任保险的制度支持,缺乏专项立法；实施方式不合理,无法调动企业参保的积极性；保险公司承保能力不足,导致费率水平和责任范围受限；经营的技术能力有限使风险评估和损失认定机制始终无法达到一个合理的标准。第三章为国外环境污染责任保险制度的经验及启示研究。该部分将个别国家的环境污染责任保险制度按实施方式、承保机构、保险责任和索赔时效进行分类介绍,总结出国外环境污染责任保险发展的规律,即由自愿实施逐渐到强制实施；由非特殊机构承保逐渐到专门性机构承保；由承保突发性环境污染事故逐渐到承保渐进性环境污染事故,从中获得对我国的启示。第四章为推进我国环境污染责任保险发展的对策建议。针对我国环境污染责任保险发展中存在的问题,借鉴国外经验,提出了在社会环境建设方面应加强环境专项立法、财政补贴政策和相关配套政策的支持,在实施方式上选择全覆盖的强制实施方式,在承保模式上推进以非特殊机构及联保集团共同承保的改造,在责任范围的适用上拓展责任范围,并注重增强经营能力,以此勾勒出我国环境污染责任保险发展模式的大体框架。本文的创新之处在于立足我国现状,明确针对环境污染责任保险的社会环境、实施方式、承保机构、责任范围和经营能力五方面提出了创新性观点。笔者对提出的建议进行了理论和逻辑上的论述,并结合了试点的实际情况进行佐证,力求现实分析和理论研究相结合,使得出的结论更加合理和具有说服力。本文的不足之处是缺少足够的数据信息影响了研究的深度。其一是没有取得国外环境污染责任保险的经营数据,所以未能有力证明环境污染责任保险开办的初衷是否实现,无法衡量环境污染责任保险对促进第三者赔偿责任的履行发挥了多大的作用；其二是所获取的我国保险公司经营情况的数据信息过少,分析难免以偏概全。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem , environmental pollution is often unwilling or unable to bear the large amount of compensation fees caused by pollution accidents , so as to solve the problem , environmental pollution liability insurance appears in people ' s field of view and is concerned . In foreign countries , the development of environmental pollution liability insurance has gone through the three stages of starting , stagnation and development , and has accumulated rich experience . In China , the environmental pollution liability insurance has been continuously tried and explored , and its specific development mode has been the hot point of the debate . To this end , the paper discusses the development mode of environmental pollution liability insurance in China , and aims to promote the development of environmental pollution liability insurance in China . The main idea of this paper is to summarize the former ' s research results and compare the experiences of foreign countries , and put forward some suggestions for the development of our country ' s environmental pollution liability insurance in combination with the actual situation of our country ' s pilot run . The starting part of this paper is introduction , the purpose and significance of the study , the literature review , the tools and methods of the research , the structure arrangement of the study and so on . The first chapter introduces the urgency and feasibility of developing environmental pollution liability insurance in China . Firstly , the paper introduces the concept of environmental pollution , environmental pollution and environmental pollution liability insurance from the case of Beijing fog haze . The second chapter introduces the present situation and problems of the pilot development of environmental pollution liability insurance in China . First , it introduces the situation of environmental pollution liability insurance from the whole development history to the local pilot , and analyzes the root causes of the problems . The third chapter introduces the experience and inspiration of the overseas environmental pollution liability insurance system . This part classifies the environmental pollution liability insurance system of the individual countries according to the way of implementation , the coverage institution , the insurance liability and the limitation of the claim , summarizes the law of the development of the foreign environmental pollution liability insurance , which is gradually from voluntary implementation to compulsory implementation ; In order to solve the problems existing in the development of environmental pollution liability insurance in China , the fourth chapter puts forward the support of strengthening environmental special legislation , fiscal subsidy policy and relevant supporting policy in the development of environmental pollution liability insurance in China . In the implementation mode , it puts forward the general framework of the development mode of environmental pollution liability insurance in China . The innovation of this paper is based on the present situation of our country , and puts forward an innovative viewpoint on the social environment , the implementation mode , the coverage institution , the responsibility scope and the management ability of the environmental pollution liability insurance . The deficiency of this paper is that the lack of sufficient data information affects the depth of the research . One is not to obtain the operation data of the foreign environmental pollution liability insurance , so it fails to prove whether the original intention of the environmental pollution liability insurance is realized or not , and it is impossible to measure the effect of environmental pollution liability insurance on the fulfillment of the third party ' s liability for compensation .

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.69

【参考文献】