我国多层次地震保险制度的构建

发布时间：2018-03-14 04:09

本文选题：地震保险　切入点：多层次　出处：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,世界范围内地震、洪水、台风、泥石流等自然灾害发生的频率不断上升,给人类的生产和生活造成了极大的影响。距世界再保险业两大巨头的报告,2011年由自然灾害和人为灾难带来的损失达到了1000亿美元以上,经济损失达到了历史上的最高记录,达到了3700亿美元以上1。而我国是世界上自然灾害最为严重的国家之一,灾害种类多、发生频率高、分布地域广、造成损失极大。建国以来,我国洪涝灾害每年平均发生5.8次,登陆台风每年大约7次,7级以上地震年均发生9次,平均每年造成的经济损失约占平均GDP的3.6%,占年财政收入的30%左右2。在这些巨灾损失中,地震给我国造成的损失和影响最大。地震以其突发性、惊人的破坏力给人类生命和财产安全、经济社会的发展带来了严重的危害。我国处于环太平洋地震带,地震带分布广、破坏力强、灾害损失极其严重,并且还会引发如山体滑坡、海啸等次生灾害。从受灾人口看,因灾死亡人数最多的十次震中,有四次发生在中国。并且在受灾较严重的2008年和2010年,灾害直接经济损失直接占到了GDP的3.91%和1.33%。虽然我国政府和社会各界都在震后第一时间进行了积极的救援,但是由于地震发生后果的惨烈性,震后人们的心灵遭受不可磨灭的严重创伤,灾后救援和重建工作难度大,商业保险公司并没有发挥其应有的作用。开展地震保险是实现减轻灾害、社会互助的有效途径,世界上许多国家和地区,如美国、日本、土耳其、台湾等相继建立了地震保险制度,而我国尚未建立起真正意义上的地震巨灾保险制度。2008年汶川特大地震造成的伤痛还未完全抚平,2010青海玉树地震和2013年芦山地震的发生让又一次让我们陷入了无限悲痛中,惨重的损失凸显了我国地震风险补偿机制的不足。悲痛之后我们更多的是应该反思如何减轻地震对我们造成的巨大损失,构建适合我国的多层次的地震保险制度和加快地震预测科技的发展已经成为刻不容缓的任务。由于我国保险业发展时间较短,地震保险也起步较晚,且由于各方面条件所限制,地震保险在我国—直没有真正实施过。在关于我国地震保险制度的构建方面,近年来有不少学者一直专注于这方面的研究,并且也取得了重要的成果。但是,我国由于受经济发展水平和居民风险意识所限,在地震保险的具体实施中还有很多问题需要解决,不能一味照抄照搬国外地震保险制度的成功模式。而关于地震保险的模式的选择在我国学术界也一直备受争议,对于保险公司、政府在地震保险制度中各自该处于一个什么样的角色和定位一直没有得出一个明确的结论。因此,本文从地震保险的原理出发,论述了地震保险制度的涵义,从我国地震保险制度的现状出发分析了我国地震保险制度目前所存在的问题。并从模式类型、立法、主管机构、费率的厘定等方面对境外典型国家的地震保险模式进行了比较,从而得出对我国构建地震保险制度的一些启示。接着,笔者从政府和保险公司单独经营地震保险面临的理论和实践困境进行分析,在总结前面几章的基础上,提出了我国地震保险制度具体的构建的框架,那就是应当走政府和市场相结合的道路,具体明确了政府和商业保险公司的角色和各自的职责,并且论述了资本市场和国际再保险市场对于分散地震风险的重要作用。最后,本文从监管的角度出发,提出保障地震保险制度运营的关键是要尽快出台巨灾保险监管方面的法律,并且也明确了NGO等在地震应急与救援中的作用,更好地构建我国多层次的地震风险分散机制。地震保险制度在我国建立后,必将更加有力地应对地震风险,造福于民。
[Abstract]:In recent years, worldwide earthquake, flood, typhoon, rising natural disasters such as the debris flow occurrence frequency, which has a great influence to the human life and production. From the world's two giant reinsurance industry report, 2011 caused by natural and man-made disasters losses of more than $100 billion, economic losses reached the highest record in history, reached more than $370 billion in 1. and China is one of the countries with most serious natural disasters in the world, many types of disasters, high frequency, wide distribution, resulting in great loss. Since the founding of new China, China's average annual flood disaster occurred 5.8 times, landing typhoon every year about 7 times. An average of more than 7 earthquake occurred 9 times, the average annual economic losses accounted for about 3.6% of GDP on average, accounting for about 30% of the annual revenue of 2.
In the earthquake catastrophe losses, causing China's loss and the greatest impact. The earthquake with its sudden, amazing destructive to human life and property safety, economic and social development has brought serious harm. China is in the circum Pacific seismic belt, earthquake with wide distribution, breaking force, disaster losses extremely serious, and can cause secondary disasters such as landslides, tsunamis. From the affected population, the number of death tolls ten times the most, four occurred in the China. And the more serious the disaster in 2008 and 2010, the direct economic loss of disaster loss directly accounted for 3.91% of GDP and 1.33%. in our government and the community are the first time after the earthquake has been actively rescue, but because of the tragic earthquake consequences, after the earthquake people's hearts suffered severe trauma indelible, disaster relief and reconstruction work difficult, commercial insurance The insurance company did not play its due role. Developing earthquake insurance is the realization of disaster reduction, effective way of social assistance, many countries and regions in the world, such as the United States, Japan, Turkey and Taiwan have established the earthquake insurance system, but China has not yet established by a real sense of the earthquake catastrophe insurance system.2008 the Wenchuan earthquake pain is not completely healed, 2010 occurred in Qinghai Yushu earthquake and Lushan earthquake in 2013 that once again let us into the infinite grief, heavy losses highlights the lack of earthquake risk compensation system in our country. After the machine is more grief we should reflect on how to reduce the earthquake caused huge losses to us the construction of China's multi-level earthquake insurance system and accelerate the development of earthquake prediction technology has become an urgent task.
Due to the development of China's insurance industry in a relatively short time, the earthquake insurance started late, and confined by various conditions, the earthquake insurance in our country, the real implementation in the construction. No straight about the earthquake insurance system in China in recent years, many scholars have focused on this aspect of the study, and also achieved important results. However, due to China's economic development level and the residents' awareness of risk limits, there are many problems to be solved in the implementation of the earthquake insurance, can not blindly copy foreign successful model of earthquake insurance system. And on the earthquake insurance mode selection in the academic circles of our country also has been controversial. For insurance companies, the government in the earthquake insurance system in the respective is what kind of role does not draw a clear conclusion.
Therefore, this article from the principle of earthquake insurance, discusses the meaning of the earthquake insurance system, from the current situation of China's earthquake insurance system of earthquake insurance system in our current problems. And from the pattern type, legislation, administrative institution, the rates determined as compared with overseas typical national earthquake the insurance model, so as to get some enlightenment to the construction of China's earthquake insurance system. Then, the author from the government and insurance companies to separate the operation of earthquake insurance face theoretical and practical dilemma is analyzed, based on the summary of the previous chapter, put forward the framework of China's earthquake insurance system that is specific, the government should go the market and the road of combining the specific role of the government and the Business insurance company and their respective duties, and discusses the capital market and the international reinsurance market to disperse The important role of earthquake risk. Finally, this paper from the angle of supervision, the key to protect the operation of earthquake insurance system is the introduction of catastrophe insurance regulatory laws as soon as possible, and also clear the NGO emergency and rescue in earthquake, the better construction of our multi-level seismic risk diversification mechanism of earthquake insurance. After the establishment of the system in our country, will be more effectively to deal with earthquake risk, for the benefit of the people.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.64

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