重塑农村“三维”养老保障模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 10:55

本文选题：重塑　切入点：养老保障模式　出处：《吉林财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是一个人口大国，也是一个农业大国，解决好农村人口的养老问题是全面建成小康社会的关键。与城市较为完善的社会养老保障制度相比，目前我国农村养老依然在传统的土地养老和家庭养老层面上，即呈现出以家庭养老和土地养老为主，社会养老模式为辅的状态。随着农村经济社会的迅速发展，城镇化的加快，国家计划生育国策的执行，老龄化趋势严重等，这些变化对农村家庭养老和土地养老保障带来了挑战与影响。仔细分析我国农村家庭、社会、土地养老保障模式的现状，可以发现，农村家庭养老的经济供养能力在下降，老年抚养比上升，家庭养老资源供给不足等导致农村家庭养老功能在日益弱化；同时农村土地养老的功能也在工业化和城市化进程中，随着农村土地减少和农业收入降低而降低；而作为未来发展趋势的社会养老保障又明显存在着制度不健全，资金缺乏有效的运营管理，法制建设滞后等问题。可以说，当前我国的农村“三维”养老模式表现为家庭养老式微、土地保障薄弱、社会养老不足的形态，，尤其是社会养老在农村更多的还停留在制度保障层面上，没有转化为有效的实际行动，辅助作用不明显。我国正处于发展与危机并存的社会转型时期，面对日益严峻的人口老龄化趋势及人口红利优势的消失，如果不能解决好农村居民的养老问题，这将是一个巨大的社会稳定隐患。健全的农村养老保障是农民老有所养最有效、最全面的保护，也是和谐社会发展的内在要求。基于完善我国农村养老保障的紧迫性和重要性，立足现实，从我国农村养老保障模式的现状来看，传统农村养老模式的保障程度不高反而有下滑迹象，当前以家庭养老、土地养老为主的形式已经起不到养老支撑的作用了，社会养老为辅的效果也不理想。本文结合我国具体的国情，着眼未来，提出重塑农村“三维”养老保障模式，重塑后的模式重在解决当前农村养老模式间定位不准确和缺乏层次性的问题，根据现实发展需求，对资源进行有效的整合，旨在加强农村老人在经济维度、服务维度、精神维度的建设，调整和提升农村养老的质和量。农村“三维”养老重塑后的模式以社会养老为主、土地保障为辅、家庭养老为依托，这样有层次的将三种模式组合，源于它们本身各自的优势性：社会养老的必要性，土地养老的迫切性，家庭养老的重要性。重塑过程要围绕基本原则，实现农村资源的优化配置，达到重塑后的预期效应。重塑过程不会一蹴而就，农村养老资源积累不足、农村老年人口数量大、地区间经济发展水平差异大、农村家庭规模和结构趋于微型化、农村养老保障意识不强是即将要面临的挑战。分析了重塑农村“三维”养老保障模式的有利基础和面临的困境，在此基础上提出了相应对策，即以社会养老为主，完善新型农村社会养老保险制度；以土地保障为辅，维护老年人对本人土地权益的支配权；以家庭养老为依托，切实保障老年人精神和服务需求。将社会养老放在首要位置，既在丰富农村养老资源的同时还要发展多种形式的社会养老；发挥土地保障的效用，在明晰土地产权下，保障农村老人的土地发展权，探索多种形式的土地资本化；强化家庭养老作用，促进农村家庭规模和结构的优化，尽快实现家庭养老的法律化、规范化，同时政府对家庭养老给予适当的支持。
[Abstract]:China is a country with a large population, is also a large agricultural country, the rural population to solve the pension problem is the completion of a comprehensive well-off society key. Compared with the city social security system more perfect, at present our country is still in the traditional rural old-age pension and family pension land level, showing that the family pension and land endowment, social insurance mode. With the rapid development of rural economy, the acceleration of urbanization, the national family planning policy implementation, the aging trend seriously, these changes bring challenges and impact on rural family endowment and land endowment insurance. Careful analysis of rural families, the society of our country, land the mode of old-age security status, can be found in rural family economic support ability in the fall, the elderly dependency ratio increased, as a result of insufficient supply of resources for family provision for rural families Endowment function is weakening; at the same time, the rural land endowment function is in the industrialization and city modernization, decrease with the decrease of rural land and agricultural income decreased; and as the future development trend of the social security system is not perfect and there was a lack of funds, management, legal system construction is lagging behind. It can be said at present, China's rural "three-dimensional" pension model for family pension decline, land security is weak, lack of social support form, especially in more rural social pension is still stuck in the level of protection system, not translated into action effectively, the auxiliary effect is not obvious.
China is in the development and crisis of social transformation period, facing the increasingly serious trend of population aging and population dividend advantage disappear, if you can not solve the pension problem of rural residents, it will be a huge social stability problems. Improve the rural old-age security is the most effective protection for farmers, the most comprehensive is the inherent requirement of a harmonious social development. To improve the importance and urgency of rural old-age security in China based on the reality, from China's current situation of rural old-age security model, security degree of traditional rural endowment pattern is not high but there are signs of decline, the family pension, land endowment is mainly in the form of to support the role of the social old-age pension, supplemented by the effect is not ideal. In this paper, combined with China's specific national conditions, focus on the future, proposed the "three-dimensional" rural old-age security Model, model focuses on remodeling after solve the current rural endowment pattern positioning is not accurate and the lack of the level of the problem, according to the actual development needs, the effective integration of resources, to strengthen the rural elderly in the economic dimension, service dimension, the construction of spiritual dimension, adjusting the quantity and quality of the whole and improve rural rural old-age pension. "The three-dimensional model in pension remodeling after social endowment, land protection supplement, family pension based on this level will be three kinds of modes, from their respective advantages: the necessity of social endowment, the urgency of the land endowment, the importance of family pension. The remodeling process should focus on the basic principles. To achieve the optimal allocation of resources in rural areas, to achieve the desired effect. After remodeling the remodeling process will not happen overnight, the rural endowment resources are insufficient, the large number of rural elderly population, regional economic development There are great differences in level, the scale and structure of rural families tend to be miniaturized, and the lack of awareness of rural old-age security is a challenge to be faced.
Analysis of the favorable basis to reshape the "three-dimensional" mode of old-age security and difficulties, put forward the corresponding countermeasures, namely social endowment, improve the new rural social endowment insurance system; guarantee supplemented by land, for the elderly to maintain my rights and interests in land rights; family pension based on practical the protection of the elderly spirit and service demand. The social endowment in the first place, but also the development of various forms of social endowment is rich in resources of rural pension at the same time; the role of the land utility in clear land property right, land development rights protection of the rural elderly, and explore various forms of land capitalization; strengthen the family pension effect, promote the optimization of the scale and structure of rural households, realize the legalization of family pension standardized as soon as possible, at the same time, the government of family pension to give appropriate support.

【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F323.89;F842.67

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