我国以风险为导向的偿付能力监管研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 12:13

本文选题：偿付能力监管　切入点：偿付能力额度　出处：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：偿付能力监管是保险业监管的核心,是保险业稳健发展的重要保障,对保险业的健康发展具有重要的意义。目前,我国保险业发展进入新的阶段,保险监管改革积极推进,保险偿付能力监管改革更是被提上了重要议事日程。近日,中国保险监督管理委员会下达了关于印发《中国第二代偿付能力监管制度体系建设规划》的通知。在这个时期,选择我国以风险为导向的偿付能力监管作为研究对象,系统分析我国现行的偿付能力监管的现状及出现的问题,具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。在保险学的原理中,保险被定义为风险管理的一种特定的形式。风险通常是用于描述人们所面临的损失及其不确定性。保险并不改变损失大小和损失发生的可能性。但借助于保险这种商业活动,可以使被保险人面临的种种风险及可能损失后果,得以在全社会范围内分散和转嫁。当损失发生,保险可以使被保险入所承担的损失大大减少,使损失对被保险人生活和生产的影响显著减弱。经济学理论指出,保险活动不能直接创造生产资料和生活资料,也不能直接参与生产资料和生活资料的流通活动,更不能直接消费这些物质资料。保险活动处于整个国民经济活动中的分配领域,对生产资料、生活资料进行再分配,促进国民经济稳定并良好发展。鉴于保险业对国民经济、人民生活的稳定和发展具有重要意义,各个国家的保险监督管理部门通过法律和行政等手段,对经营保险业务的机构、保险市场进行监督和管理。其中,偿付能力监管对保险业健康发展具有重要意义。目前,我国还没有保险公司倒闭的先例,很多保险监管的经验、教训来自国外的保险业实践。我国保险公司偿付能力额度的监管制度建立是基于我国保险业发展的经验,并借鉴了国际保险监管的成果。随着保险业的发展,我国保险公司的偿付能力额度监管制度也在逐步完善。本文从风险的角度出发,对我国偿付能力监管体系的研究采取了定量与定性相结合的方法。选取2008年至2012年的十家保险公司数据,将基于比率法计算所得的偿付能力额度,与我国《保险公司偿付能力管理规定》计算所得的偿付能力额度进行比较,分析我国偿付能力额度监管的问题；选取2008年至2012年的十九家保险公司数据,通过因子模型的实证分析,对我国现有的偿付能力监管指标体系做出了评价；基于我国偿付能力监管体系的实际,分析了目前体系中存在的多个新问题。由此提出我国以风险为主导的偿付能力监管改革的必要性,及对策建议。本文通过比率法分析偿付能力额度,推导出我国偿付能力额度设置过低、偿付能力额度的计算方法有待改善、现行偿付能力额度监管对公司的个体风险揭示不足等结论；通过因子模型实证分析,得出我国偿付能力监管指标适用性较差、指标数量设置太少、科学性欠缺等结论；通过与国际偿付能力监管的比较,得出我国偿付能力监管忽视了公司的微观基础作用、信息披露和市场约束机制不完善、保险集团监管困难等结论。针对上述分析的问题,提出了相对应的完善以风险为导向的资本监管、完善激励内部控制的定性风险监管、完善信息披露的市场约束机制等对策。本文对我国现行的偿付能力监管分析是基于风险的角度考量的,紧紧围绕《中国第二代偿付能力监管制度体系建设规划》提出的三大支柱整体框架,即资本充足要求(即偿付能力额度)、风险管理要求(即偿付能力监管指标体系)和信息披露要求,目的在于为我国第二代偿付能力监管制度体系的建设提供参考和支持。本文认为,我国第二代偿付能力监管体系的建设应当及时跟踪国际偿付能力监管的新趋势,同时监管标准应当符合本国的实际。针对文中分析的我国现行偿付能力监管中存在的问题,提出了以下意见和建议：一方面,借鉴发达国家保险业监管经验,加强市场的信息披露机制；另一方面,完善定性风险监管和定量资本监管。
[Abstract]:The regulation of solvency is the core of the insurance industry supervision . It is an important guarantee for the healthy development of insurance industry . At present , China ' s insurance industry has entered a new stage , and the reform of insurance supervision reform has been promoted actively .

In the theory of insurance , insurance is defined as a specific form of risk management . The risk is usually used to describe the loss and uncertainty that people face . Insurance doesn ' t change the possibility of loss size and loss .

From the perspective of risk , this paper takes a quantitative and qualitative approach to the research of solvency regulation system in China .
Based on the data of 19 insurance companies from 2008 to 2012 and the empirical analysis of factor model , this paper makes an evaluation on the current solvency regulation index system in our country ;
Based on the actual situation of solvency regulation system in China , this paper analyzes the new problems existing in the current system .

In this paper , through the ratio method to analyze the solvency margin , the paper derives the conclusion that the calculation method of the solvency margin of our country is too low , the solvency margin is calculated to be improved , the current solvency margin regulation is insufficient to reveal the individual risk of the company , etc .
Through the empirical analysis of factor model , it is concluded that the applicability of solvency regulation index is poor , the quantity of index is set too little , and the scientific deficiency is insufficient .
Through the comparison with the international solvency regulation , it is concluded that the solvency regulation of our country has ignored the micro - foundation of the company , the information disclosure and the imperfect market restriction mechanism , and the supervision difficulty of the insurance group . In view of the above analysis , this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to perfect the capital supervision based on the risk , perfect the qualitative risk supervision of the internal control , perfect the market restriction mechanism of the information disclosure .

In this paper , the current solvency regulation and analysis of our country is based on the angle of risk , which is based on the overall framework of three pillars , namely capital adequacy requirement ( i.e . , solvency margin ) , risk management requirement ( i.e . solvency regulation index system ) and information disclosure requirement , which is based on the risk - based perspective , and aims to provide reference and support for the construction of the second - generation solvency regulation system in China .
On the other hand , perfect qualitative risk supervision and quantitative capital supervision .

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842

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