我国长期护理保险制度构建中的政府责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 12:23

本文选题：长期护理保险制度　切入点：政府责任　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人口老龄化的深入和发展,长期护理需求日益增长,老年人生活质量问题成为社会各界关注和讨论的焦点,更是政府急需有效解决的重要民生问题。尽管我国社会保险体系经过十多年的发展和修正,已经在覆盖范围、保障水平、运行效率、实施效果等方面都有了较大程度提升。但是,失能老人数目的增加和慢性病患者数量的激增都使单纯的来自于养老保险的达到一定年龄后的周期性经济支持,或者是来自于医疗保险的就医后一次性费用报销,经济补偿效果都十分有限,现有的社会保障制度已经难以满足老年人对于日常生活护理的需求。因而,我国迫切需要建立一种完善的长期护理保险制度,对需要日常护理的人们的生活提供必要的保障。我国政府应尽早进行政策安排,主导建立起统一的长期护理保险制度。首先,由于我国资本市场发育尚不完全,商业保险类型的长期护理保险和健康保险自出现以来在我国推行速度缓慢,收效甚微,公众对商业类型长期护理保险认可度不高、参保人数少、受益面小,因此需要以政府为主体,进行统一的政策安排,来提高制度覆盖面和社会认可度。其次,从历史上看,我国的社会制度都是由国家强制力保障实施的,由政府为主导进行“自上而下”的政策安排,无论从政策推动力度、开展速度上,还是运行效率、实施效果上都具有十分明显的优势。最后,政府应该担负起保障国民生活,满足人们需要的责任,这不仅是政府基本职能的要求,更是我国政府“为人民服务”根本宗旨的体现。本文从狭义的长期护理保险概念入手,对长期护理保险的相关概念进行辨析,探讨长期护理保险制度的建设运行与政府责任的关系。以社会保障权理论、需求层次理论和公共产品理论为理论基础,从长期护理保险制度的现状和建设意义出发,分析政府在长期护理保险制度构建过程中强化责任的必要性,进而明确政府在长期护理保险制度建设中的具体责任并对目前的履责问题进行概括和原因分析,同时借鉴代表性国家的经验,对我国政府构建长期护理保险制度,履行顶层设计责任提出对策建议,旨在落实长期护理保险制度构建中的政府责任,促进长期护理保险制度的建设发展。
[Abstract]:With the deepening and development of the aging population and the growing demand for long-term care, the quality of life of the elderly has become the focus of attention and discussion. It is also an important livelihood issue that the government urgently needs to effectively solve. Although our social insurance system has been developed and revised for more than a decade, it has already covered the scope, the level of protection, and the efficiency of operation. However, the increase in the number of disabled elderly people and the surge in the number of people with chronic diseases have resulted in a simple cycle of financial support from old-age insurance after reaching a certain age. Or the one-time reimbursement of medical expenses from medical insurance, the effect of economic compensation is very limited, the existing social security system has been difficult to meet the needs of the elderly for daily care. Our country urgently needs to establish a perfect long-term care insurance system to provide the necessary guarantee for the life of the people in need of daily care. Our government should make policy arrangements as soon as possible to lead the establishment of a unified long-term care insurance system. Because of the incomplete development of capital market in our country, the long term nursing insurance and health insurance of commercial insurance type have been implemented slowly in our country since their appearance, with little effect, and the public's acceptance of long term care insurance of commercial type is not high. The number of people participating in the insurance is small and the benefits are small. Therefore, it is necessary to take the government as the main body and carry out unified policy arrangements to improve the coverage of the system and social recognition. Secondly, historically, the social system of our country has been guaranteed and implemented by the state's coercive force. The "top-down" policy arrangement led by the government has very obvious advantages in terms of policy promotion, speed of development, and operational efficiency. Finally, the government should assume the responsibility of protecting the people's life. The responsibility of satisfying people's needs is not only the requirement of the basic function of government, but also the embodiment of our government's basic purpose of "serving the people". This paper starts with the concept of long-term care insurance in a narrow sense. Based on the theory of the right to social security, the theory of the hierarchy of demand and the theory of public goods, the relationship between the construction and operation of the long-term nursing insurance system and the responsibility of the government is discussed. Based on the present situation and construction significance of long-term nursing insurance system, this paper analyzes the necessity of strengthening the responsibility of the government in the process of constructing long-term nursing insurance system. Then the specific responsibility of the government in the construction of the long-term care insurance system is clarified, and the current accountability issues are summarized and the reasons are analyzed. At the same time, using the experience of the representative countries for reference, the author sets up the long-term care insurance system for the government of our country. In order to carry out the government responsibility in the construction of long term nursing insurance system and promote the development of long term care insurance system, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to fulfill the top level design responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630;F842.6

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