中国区域经济差距对社会保险体系运行的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 14:20

本文选题：经济差距 + 社会保险　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国区域经济差距问题不断突出。为了避免因地区差距过大而引发各种严重经济社会问题,国家日益重视推动区域经济协调发展,先后出台了西部大开发、东北老工业基地振兴、中部崛起等重大区域发展战略,并出台了大量配套支持政策。然而,从我国总体区域经济发展格局来看,区域差距过大的问题并未得到根本扭转,经济和人口不断向东南沿海地区集聚仍是我国的一个重要经济现象。特别是近年来,我国东北地区及部分中西部省份经济增速大幅度滑落,区域经济增速分化明显。近年来,我国社会保险运行状况的地区差距日益突出。部分经济发达地区新增投保人数和保费收入持续增长,收支盈余规模持续扩大。与此同时,东北三省等部分地区由于经济增速下降和新增就业较少,社会保险支出不断攀升的同时保费收入增长缓慢。社会保险体系长期安全运行的压力和风险日趋增大。本文的研究目的就是系统分析我国地区经济差距对社会保险体系运行的影响,准确发现我国社会保险体系存在的地区性风险,并提出相关对策建议,为国家推进社会保险制度改革提供政策参考。论文主题内容包括五个部分。第一部分是论文涉及的主要概念界定和基础理论的梳理和总结。第二部分是我国区域差距的发展态势,主要从经济增速、人口就业、财政状况三个方面展开分析。研究发现,近年来,在经济增速和城镇就业人口方面,东部地区虽然与中西部地区的差距逐年缩小,其分化格局却没有根本变化。中西部地区的财政收入低于东部地区,财政支出却与东部地区持平,致使更加地依赖中央政府的税收返还和转移支付,社会保障体系风险加强。第三部分在梳理我国社会保险制度的形成与发展阶段的基础上,归纳了现阶段我国社会保险制度的特点。研究发现,我国社会保险制度按照统筹范围经历了全国统筹、企业统筹、县(市)级统筹、区域调节统筹、省级统筹并向全国统筹推进等五个阶段。现阶段,我国社会保险制度表现出低水平广泛覆盖、城乡二元结构、统帐结合等特征。第四部分主要分析我国养老保险和医疗保险面临的主要区域性风险——社会保险收支不平衡与地方财政支出差异。研究发现,经济发达地区的养老保险和医疗保险运行情况愈发良好,运行压力减小,而经济落后地区的养老保险结余不断减少,甚至出现入不敷出情况,运行压力愈发加大,地区间差异不断扩大。另一方面,我国不同地区的社会保险基金存在巨大的区域差异,部分地区收支缺口扩大,运行风险不断增加。最后,主要阐述我国深化社会保险体系改革和化解区域性社会保险运行风险应采取的政策措施。即应该加大国家区域总体发展战略的实施力度,加快推进财政转移支付制度改革,积极探索社会保障全国统筹的新模式。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's regional economic gap has become increasingly prominent.In order to avoid all kinds of serious economic and social problems caused by the excessive regional disparity, the state has paid increasing attention to promoting the coordinated development of regional economy, and has successively promulgated major regional development strategies such as the large-scale development of the western region, the revitalization of the old industrial base in the Northeast, the rise of the central region, and so on.And issued a large number of supporting policies.However, from the overall pattern of regional economic development in China, the problem of excessive regional disparity has not been fundamentally reversed, and it is still an important economic phenomenon that the economy and population continue to gather in the southeast coastal areas.Especially in recent years, the economic growth rate of Northeast China and some central and western provinces has fallen sharply, and the regional economic growth rate has differentiated obviously.In recent years, the regional gap of social insurance operation in China has become increasingly prominent.In some economically developed areas, the number of new insured and premium income continued to grow, and the scale of revenue and expenditure surplus continued to expand.At the same time, the three northeastern provinces and other parts of the region due to the decline in economic growth and fewer new jobs, social security expenditure continues to climb, while the growth in premium income is slow.The pressure and risk of long-term safe operation of the social insurance system is increasing day by day.The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyze the influence of regional economic gap on the operation of social insurance system in China, find out the regional risks of social insurance system, and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions.For the country to promote the reform of social security system to provide policy reference.The theme of the thesis consists of five parts.The first part is the definition of the main concepts involved in the paper and the carding and summing up of the basic theory.The second part is the development trend of regional disparity in China, mainly from three aspects of economic growth, population employment, financial situation.It is found that in recent years, although the gap between the eastern region and the central and western regions has narrowed year by year in terms of economic growth and urban employment, the pattern of differentiation has not fundamentally changed.The central and western regions have lower revenue than the eastern regions, but the fiscal expenditure is equal to that of the eastern regions, which makes them more dependent on the central government's tax rebates and transfer payments, and the social security system risks are strengthened.The third part summarizes the characteristics of China's social insurance system at present on the basis of combing the formation and development stage of our country's social insurance system.It is found that China's social insurance system has experienced five stages according to the overall planning scope: national overall plan, enterprise overall planning, county (city) level overall planning, regional adjustment overall planning, provincial overall planning and promotion to the whole country.At present, the social insurance system of our country shows the characteristics of low level and wide coverage, dual structure of urban and rural areas, integration of accounting system and so on.The fourth part mainly analyzes the main regional risks of pension insurance and medical insurance in China-the imbalance of income and expenditure of social insurance and the difference of local financial expenditure.The study found that the old-age insurance and medical insurance in the economically developed areas are running better and the operating pressure is decreasing, while the balance of the old-age insurance in the economically backward areas is constantly decreasing, and even the situation of living beyond the means of living is even increasing, and the operating pressure is increasing.Regional differences are widening.On the other hand, there are huge regional differences in social insurance funds in different regions of China.Finally, the policy measures should be taken to deepen the reform of social insurance system and resolve the operational risks of regional social insurance in China.That is, we should strengthen the implementation of the overall development strategy of national regions, speed up the reform of the financial transfer payment system, and actively explore a new model of national overall planning of social security.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F127;F842.61

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