黑龙江省城乡养老保障水平评估研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 18:39

本文选题：黑龙江 + 城乡养老保障　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着老龄化浪潮汹涌而来,养老保障问题变得日益突出和紧迫,实现老有所养、保障老年生活的质量一直是政府、社会和个人追求的一个理想目标。养老保障的水平不仅成为衡量一国社会文明进步的标志,更是保证一国稳定与发展的根基。国务院明确指出,到2020年,全面建成公平、统一、标准的城乡基本养老保险制度,并与社会救助、社会福利等其他社会保障政策相配套,更好的保障老年人的基本生活。黑龙江省积极贯彻和落实关于养老保障的相关政策,从实际情况来看,已经初步形成了与社会经济发展水平和人口增长速度相适应的城乡养老保障体系。但黑龙江省城乡养老保障发展现状如何,现有养老保障水平是高还是低,发展趋势是向好还是停滞,距离人人享有养老保障的目标要求还有多大差距等,至今没有科学的评定标准。所以,本文以数据量化研究为基础,对黑龙江省城乡养老保障水平进行评估,评估结论均依据评价指标计算得出,具有较强的科学性和客观性,希望能够对以后黑龙江省城乡养老保障水平的评估研究提供借鉴意义。首先,本文基于对国内外养老保障制度研究内容和研究成果的文献资料的搜集、整理及理解,明确了研究的主要内容与研究方法。界定了养老保障、城乡养老保障和城乡养老保障水平的相关概念,提出了福利经济学理论、有效需求理论和政府养老责任理论作为理论支撑。结合当前黑龙江省城乡养老保障的实际情况,以客观数据为基础,分别对黑龙江省城乡基本养老保险、老年人生活保障和养老服务进行了量化分析,得出了相应的动态变化情况和发展趋势。其次,本文根据黑龙江省人口结构、经济发展水平和城乡养老保障发展的实际情况,选取了“城乡基本养老保险参保率”、“城乡基本养老保险覆盖率”、“城乡养老保障覆盖率”、“城乡基本养老保险待遇享有率”、“城乡基本养老保险负担系数”、“城乡基本养老保险基金结存系数”、“老年人口抚养比”、“城镇职工基本养老保险替代率”、“城乡居民基本养老保险替代率”、“人均可支配收入”和“城乡千人老年人养老床位数”12个关键指标构成黑龙江省城乡养老保障水平评估体系。以该评估体系与国家统计局公布的客观数据为基础进行因子分析,得到评估城乡养老保障水平的四个核心因素,即:“城乡养老保障覆盖因素”、“城乡养老保障负担因素”、“城乡基本养老保险待遇因素”、“社会养老服务因素”。并在这四个核心因素中计算出黑龙江省在全国范围内的单项排名和综合排名,以此来对黑龙江省城乡养老保障水平进行分析评估。最后,将黑龙江省城乡养老保障制度和评估结果相结合,指出了黑龙江省城乡养老保障中的诸多问题,如:城乡养老保障体系不完善、退休制度改革滞后、养老保险基金不足、城乡养老保障缺乏公平性。针对这些存在的问题结合黑龙江省的省情提出了相应的对策建议,有利于城乡养老保障制度在黑龙江省的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the surge of aging, the problem of old-age security has become increasingly prominent and urgent. It is an ideal goal for the government, the society and the individual to guarantee the quality of old life. The level of the old-age security is not only a sign to measure the progress of a country's social civilization, but also the root of the stability and development of a country. According to the State Council, the State Council clearly points out that by 2020, the basic pension system for urban and rural basic endowment insurance is completed in an all-round way, and it is matched with other social security policies such as social assistance and social welfare to better guarantee the basic life of the elderly. Heilongjiang province actively implements and falls on the relevant policies on the old-age security, from the actual situation. It has initially formed the old-age security system in urban and rural areas adapted to the level of social and economic development and the rate of population growth. But what is the current situation of the development of urban and rural old-age security in Heilongjiang Province, the level of existing old-age security is high or low, the development trend is good or stagnant, and there are still many gaps in the target requirements for the elderly to enjoy the old-age security. So far, there is no scientific evaluation standard. Therefore, based on the quantitative research of data, this paper evaluates the level of urban and rural endowment insurance in Heilongjiang province. The conclusion of the evaluation is based on the evaluation index, and has strong scientificity and objectivity. It is hoped that it can provide reference for the evaluation and research of the level of urban and rural endowment security in Heilongjiang Province in the future. First, based on the collection, sorting and understanding of the literature of the research content and research results of the old-age security system at home and abroad, the main contents and research methods of the research are clarified, and the related concepts of pension security, urban and rural old-age security and the level of urban and rural old-age security are defined, and the theory of welfare economics and the effective demand are put forward. On the basis of the actual situation of the urban and rural old-age security in Heilongjiang Province, based on the objective data, this paper quantifies the urban and rural basic pension insurance, the living security and the service of the elderly in Heilongjiang Province, and obtains the corresponding dynamic change and development trend. Secondly, this paper is based on the present situation. According to the population structure of Heilongjiang, the level of economic development and the actual situation of the development of urban and rural old-age security, the "basic pension insurance coverage rate", "urban and rural basic endowment insurance coverage", "urban and rural old-age insurance coverage", "urban and rural basic pension insurance coverage rate", "urban and rural basic pension insurance burden", "basic pension insurance burden on urban and rural areas" are selected. "Coefficient", "the coefficient of balance between urban and rural basic endowment insurance fund", "old age dependency ratio", "basic endowment insurance substitution rate of urban workers", "basic endowment insurance substitution rate" of urban and rural residents, "per capita disposable income" and "the number of aged beds in urban and rural elderly" constitute the urban and rural endowment in Heilongjiang Province On the basis of factor analysis based on the evaluation system and the objective data published by the National Bureau of statistics, four core factors for assessing the level of urban and rural old-age security are obtained, namely, "urban and rural old-age security coverage factors", "urban and rural old-age security burden factors", "urban and rural basic pension insurance treatment factors", "society" In the four core factors, we calculated the single ranking and comprehensive ranking of Heilongjiang Province in the whole country, in order to analyze and evaluate the level of urban and rural old-age security in Heilongjiang province. Finally, the urban and rural old-age security system in Heilongjiang province was combined with the evaluation results, and the urban and rural old-age security in Heilongjiang province was pointed out. Many problems, such as imperfect old-age security system in urban and rural areas, lagging behind the retirement system, insufficient pension funds and lack of equity in urban and rural old-age security. In view of the problems existing in Heilongjiang Province, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of urban and rural old-age security system in Heilongjiang province.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6;F842.67

【参考文献】