日本长期护理保险制度及其借鉴研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 11:39

  本文选题：日本人口老龄化 + 长期护理保险制度　； 参考：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：现阶段全世界60岁及以上的老年人口已达到6亿多。在第二次世界大战结束之后,作为我国的近邻日本进入了人口急速增长的时期。从1970年开始,日本就逐渐步入了老龄化社会。到2013年,日本65岁以上的老年人口比例进一步增加到25.1%。在短短60年的时间里,日本的人口结构发生巨大变化,快速进入了超老龄化社会。如何构建能够满足不断增加的老年人口的养老及护理体制成为了日本政府的工作重点之一。本博士论文尝试对日本关于老年人护理制度的构建框架及实施对策进行专题性的研究,通过对日本老龄化人口的变化及日本长期护理保险制度的形成过程进行分析,掌握日本长期护理保险制度及长期护理保险服务体系的基本内容,探讨该制度的改革措施及成效,并针对各地实际状况进行实证研究。本博士论文通过对日本社会养老保障体制中的长期护理保险制度的深入剖析,揭示出日本在探索老年人护理问题的成功经验和存在的问题。本论文由8个章节组成,其主要构成情况如下所示:第1章主要介绍了关于日本长期护理保险制度的研究背景及意义,同时论述了国内外的研究成果,并针对本论文整体的研究方法等进行了介绍。通过评述人口老龄化、养老保障制度和护理保险等理论,旨在说明人口老龄化现象出现的必然性和完善社会保障体制的必要性。第2章是日本人口老龄化社会和社会环境的现状及趋势。本章主要分为三部分。一是分析了日本人口老龄化的现状和趋势;二是主要阐述了日本老年人的状况和老年人的社会环境;三是主要通过对日本人口老龄化的发展进行研究,着重分析人口老龄化与经济发展的关系。第3章是日本长期护理保险建立的背景和基础。本章分为两部分。一是通过对老年人的健康状况、就业状况、生活环境、准备意识这四个方面论述了日本在建立长期护理保险制度之前的社会情况;二是通过论述日本的主要社会保障制度,从而明确建立长期护理保险制度的各项制度基础。第4章主要说明了日本长期护理保险制度的形成及内容。本章共分为五个部分。一是介绍日本长期护理保险制度形成的过程;二是阐述了日本长期护理保险制度的基本内容;三是主要分析了日本长期护理保险的服务体系;四是着重探讨该制度的改革阶段和主要年度的改革内容;五是比较了日本长期护理保险制度实施前后的不同。第5章阐述了日本实施长期护理保险制度及护理服务的现状。本章共分三部分。一是论述了近几年日本长期护理保险制度在利用人数、申请件数、护理费用等方面的总体情况;二是主要论述了在日本长期护理保险制度中几项主要的护理服务的具体实施情况;三是从宏观角度概述了近几年日本政府在推进长期护理保险制度过程中,推出的新型护理服务内容、规模及各种新的对策,进而说明了在不同时期长期护理保险的适应特性。第6章利用日本统计局公布的日本长期护理保险制度发展的数据,运用因子分析和聚类分析方法,选取影响日本长期护理保险制度可持续发展的10个主要因素。据此,对日本长期护理保险制度可持续发展进行了一个聚类分析,给出了各类的特征。可为制定全面、协调、可持续发展的宏观政策和制定长期护理保险制度可持续发展战略提供定量分析参考。第7章论述了日本政府在推出新型护理服务,即地方全面型护理服务体系过程中,各地区根据实际情况的构建案例。本章主要分为两部分。一是主要介绍了日本新型长期护理保险制度,即地方全面型护理服务体系的基本内容;二是通过对具有代表性的不同地区进行调查,着重分析各地区是如何开展并实施地方全面型护理服务体系以及各自取得的成效。第8章通过对日本长期护理保险体系的发展论述,总结出该制度对我国的启示。本章主要分为四部分。一是归纳出日本护理保险的基本特征;二是通过研究调查,预测了日本护理保险服务的未来发展方向;三是总结了日本护理保险制度中存在的各项问题,并提出相关的改进措施建议;四是通过对我国的人口数量、家庭结构及老年人护理服务的现状分析,对中日两国长期护理保险现状进行比较,选择适合我国的发展模式,提出日本长期护理保险制度对我国的启示。
[Abstract]:At the present stage, the population of the aged 60 and above has reached more than 600 million. After the end of the Second World War, as a close neighbour of China, Japan has entered a period of rapid population growth. Since 1970, Japan has gradually entered an aging society. By 2013, the proportion of aged 65 years old in Japan was further increased to 25.1%. in Japan. In a short period of 60 years, the population structure of Japan has changed greatly and has quickly entered an aging society. How to build a pension and nursing system that can meet the increasing elderly population has become one of the key points of the Japanese government. This thesis tries to build the framework and implementation of the nursing system in Japan. Through the analysis of the change of the aging population in Japan and the formation process of the long-term care insurance system in Japan, the basic contents of the long-term care insurance system and the long-term care insurance service system in Japan are mastered, the reform measures and results of the system are discussed, and the empirical research on the actual situation in various places is carried out. After a thorough analysis of the long-term nursing insurance system in the social endowment insurance system in Japan, this thesis reveals the successful experience and problems in exploring the nursing problems of the elderly in Japan. This thesis is composed of 8 chapters. The main composition of this thesis is as follows: the first chapter mainly introduces the long-term care insurance in Japan. The research background and significance of the system are discussed at the same time, and the research results at home and abroad are discussed, and the whole research methods of this paper are introduced. Through the review of the theory of population aging, old-age security system and nursing insurance, this paper aims to explain the necessity of the emergence of the phenomenon of population aging and the necessity of improving the social security system. The second chapter is to explain the necessity of improving the social security system. It is the present situation and trend of the aging society and social environment of the population of Japan. This chapter is divided into three parts. One is the analysis of the current situation and trend of the aging of the population in Japan; the two is mainly the situation of the elderly in Japan and the social environment of the elderly; the three is mainly through the study of the development of the aging of the Japanese mouth, focusing on the analysis of people. The third chapter is the background and foundation of the establishment of long-term care insurance in Japan. This chapter is divided into two parts. The first is to discuss the social situation in Japan before the establishment of the long-term care insurance system through the four aspects of the health status of the elderly, the employment situation, the living environment, and the consciousness of preparation. Two is through the discussion. The main social security system in Japan makes clear the foundation of the system of long-term care insurance. The fourth chapter mainly explains the formation and content of the long-term care insurance system in Japan. This chapter is divided into five parts. The first is to introduce the course of the formation of the long-term care insurance system in Japan, and the two is to elaborate the long term care insurance system in Japan. The basic content of the degree; three is the main analysis of the Japanese long-term care insurance service system; the four is to focus on the reform phase of the system and the main year of the reform. The five is to compare the differences before and after the implementation of the long-term care insurance system in Japan. The fifth chapter describes the status of the implementation of the long-term care insurance system and nursing service in Japan. This chapter is divided into three parts. The first is to discuss the overall situation of the Japanese long-term care insurance system in recent years using the number of people, the number of applications, the cost of nursing and so on. The two mainly discusses the specific implementation of several major nursing services in the long term care insurance system in Japan, and three from the macro perspective the Japanese government has outlined the Japanese government in recent years. In the process of promoting the long-term care insurance system, the new nursing service content, scale and various new countermeasures are introduced, and the adaptation characteristics of long-term care insurance in different periods are explained. The sixth chapter uses the data of the development of the Japanese long-term care insurance system published by the Japanese Bureau of statistics, and uses factor analysis and cluster analysis method to select the new nursing insurance system. The 10 main factors affecting the sustainable development of the long term care insurance system in Japan are analyzed, and a cluster analysis is made for the sustainable development of the long-term care insurance system in Japan, and the characteristics are given. It can provide the macro policies for the formulation of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development and the formulation of the sustainable development strategy of the long-term care insurance system. The seventh chapter discusses the construction cases of the Japanese government in the process of the new nursing service, that is, the local comprehensive nursing service system. This chapter is mainly divided into two parts. First, it mainly introduces the new type of long-term care insurance system in Japan, that is the basic content of the local comprehensive nursing service system. The two is through the investigation of the representative different regions, focusing on how to carry out and implement the local comprehensive nursing service system and their achievements. The eighth chapter summarizes the Enlightenment of the system to China through the development of the long-term care insurance system in Japan. This chapter is mainly divided into four parts. The basic characteristics of the Japanese nursing insurance are summed up. Two the future development direction of the Japanese nursing insurance service is predicted through research and investigation. Three the problems in the Japanese nursing insurance system are summarized, and the relevant suggestions for improvement are put forward. The four is through the population, family structure and nursing service of the elderly in China. The status of the long-term nursing insurance between China and Japan is compared, and the development model suitable for China is selected, and the Enlightenment of the long-term care insurance system in Japan to our country is put forward.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F843.13
，

本文编号：1819761