我国农业保险困境与出路的分析

发布时间：2018-05-18 20:51

本文选题：农业保险 + 五种力量模型　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业生产是经济发展的基石,其可持续发展的步伐直接影响到整个社会经济的稳定。从20世纪三、四十年代在我国出现的农业保险如今已成为保障农业经济的重要金融措施,经历了20世纪50年代的兴起和停办期、80年代的恢复试办期、90年代的萎缩萧条期和21世纪10年代的快速发展期。自2003年《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》中首次明确提出“探索建立政策性农业保险制度”至今,每年的《中央一号文件》都会对农业保险的政策制订、实施提出相应的要求和指示。2013年3月1日作为引导中国农业保险健康发展的《农业保险条例》正式实施,明确了农业保险行业的管理及执行框架。农业保险在国际上已经成为保险保障体系中一个重要组成部分,在我国的实际运行中存在如下问题：关于农业保险的发展模式尚处于探索阶段,无法支撑整个行业的有序、健康发展；二.农业保险的相关法律、法规的配套尚处于初级阶段,“政出多门”造成了无法可依、无法可治、无权去治的现象；三.农业保险的风险主要集中在各农业保险公司,无法进行有效分散与对冲；四.农业保险补贴造成了农业保险公司的巨额盈利,无法真正、有效的实惠农户；五.信息、数据的不对称,和政策宣传、执行的力度等因素产生的道德风险无法杜绝,影响到农业保险的市场推广等。本文从国内农业保险发展的历程入手,对比国际农业保险发展的方式,对现阶段我国农业保险的现状进行分析；通过Mike porter的五种力量模型(作为政策性农业保险行业,其发展受到政府、农业保险公司、相关从业人员、农户、潜在竞争者、风险控制等多方面因素的影响)运用综合模糊理论分析方法及相应的问卷调查结果,针对农业保险行业的实际情况深入分析各方的诉求,提出我国农业保险发展的政策建议。面对中国现有农业保险行业的发展态势,在没有明确的农业保险法规出台之前,我国农业保险在短期内将继续维持“以商养商”“风险自担”“自负盈亏”的局面,但从长远的角度,作为一项国家重要的关乎民生的重要战略措施,中国农业保险未来的发展思路：应以农业保险立法为基础,以信息建设为前提,以财政补贴和税收政策为必要手段,以巨灾准备基金为风险控制措施,以成立全国性的政策性农业保险公司为目标。本文在最后对成立全国性的政策性农业保险公司的必要性、成立的目的、职能、风险分散、再保险机制、以及风险控制等提出相应的建议,希望对农业保险在新经济时代的发展开拓一条创新之路。受限于农业保险相关数据的采集和对国家宏观经济调控的理解,本文对农业保险的未来发展之路的分析和预测提出的更多的是方向和相应的运行措施,需要对政府、农户、农业保险行业的投资者与从业人员的需求综合衡量。特此提示。
[Abstract]:Agricultural production is the cornerstone of economic development, and its sustainable development has a direct impact on the stability of the whole society and economy. Since the emergence of agricultural insurance in China in the 1930s and 1940s, it has become an important financial measure to safeguard the agricultural economy. It has experienced the rise of the 1950s and the suspension period. The recovery trial period in the 1980s and the shrinking and depression period in the 1990s and the rapid development period in the October of the 21st century. Since the decision of the CPC Central Committee on the improvement of the socialist market economy system in 2003, "exploring the establishment of a policy-oriented agricultural insurance system" has been explicitly proposed for the first time. Every year, the first document of the Central Committee puts forward corresponding requirements and instructions for the formulation and implementation of agricultural insurance policies. March 1, 2013, is officially implemented as the "regulations on Agricultural Insurance" that guide the healthy development of agricultural insurance in China. Clear the agricultural insurance industry management and implementation framework. Agricultural insurance has become an important part of the insurance security system in the world. In the actual operation of our country, there are the following problems: the development model of agricultural insurance is still in the exploratory stage, which cannot support the order of the whole industry. Healthy development; The relevant laws and regulations of agricultural insurance are still in the primary stage, "government can not rely on, can not be treated, have no right to govern" phenomenon; third. The risk of agricultural insurance is mainly concentrated in various agricultural insurance companies, which can not be effectively dispersed and hedged. The agricultural insurance subsidy has caused the huge profit of the agricultural insurance company, cannot really, effectively benefit the farmer. The asymmetry of information, data, and policy propaganda, the strength of implementation and other factors can not eliminate the moral hazard, which affects the market promotion of agricultural insurance, and so on. This paper begins with the course of the development of domestic agricultural insurance, compares the way of international agricultural insurance development, analyzes the present situation of China's agricultural insurance at this stage, and through the five power models of Mike porter (as the policy-oriented agricultural insurance industry), Its development is influenced by many factors, such as government, agricultural insurance company, relevant employees, farmers, potential competitors, risk control and so on. According to the actual situation of agricultural insurance industry, this paper analyzes the demands of all parties, and puts forward some policy suggestions for the development of agricultural insurance in China. In the face of the development situation of China's existing agricultural insurance industry, without clear agricultural insurance laws and regulations, China's agricultural insurance will continue to maintain the situation of "taking commercial support", "taking risks at its own expense" and "taking responsibility for its own profits and losses" in the short term. However, in the long run, as an important national strategic measure concerning the people's livelihood, the future development of China's agricultural insurance should be based on the legislation of agricultural insurance and on the premise of information construction. The necessary means are fiscal subsidy and tax policy, the catastrophe reserve fund is the risk control measure, and the goal is to set up a national policy-oriented agricultural insurance company. At the end of this paper, the author puts forward some suggestions on the necessity, purpose, function, risk dispersion, reinsurance mechanism and risk control of establishing a national policy-oriented agricultural insurance company. I hope that the development of agricultural insurance in the new economic era to open up an innovative road. Limited by the collection of agricultural insurance related data and the understanding of the national macroeconomic regulation and control, the analysis and prediction of the future development of agricultural insurance in this paper puts forward more directions and corresponding operational measures, which need to be addressed to the government and farmers. The needs of investors and employees in the agricultural insurance industry are comprehensively measured. This is a reminder.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F842.66

【参考文献】