我国出口信用保险助推中小企业发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 23:29

本文选题：中小企业 + 出口信用保险　；参考：《吉林财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着贸易全球化的不断深入，我国对外贸易取得了突飞猛进的发展，国际贸易已成为我国经济发展的重要支柱。当前，国际市场竞争激烈，贸易环境复杂多变，我国出口企业面临着巨大的政治风险和信用风险。中小企业，作为我国国民经济的主力军，已越来越多地参与到对外贸易中来，希望在国际市场中寻求更广阔的发展空间。在开展对外贸易的过程中，中小企业不但受到自身规模小、资金有限、风险管理经验不足等特点的限制，也受到国际贸易壁垒、人民币升值压力、宏观管理体制落后、融资困难等因素的阻碍，使其常常有单不敢接，在国际竞争中丧失了贸易机会。出口信用保险，作为国家支持出口贸易的政策性金融工具，不但为中小企业提供了风险咨询服务和损失补偿服务，还有助于其采取灵活的贸易结算方式、开拓国际市场、获得贸易融资、实现成功上市，充分体现了出口信用保险对中小企业发展的助推作用。中国出口信用保险公司（下称“中信保”）是由我国政府支持成立的全资性保险机构，经营政策性出口信用保险业务，是我国对外贸易的保护伞。在其成立后，我国的出口信用保险得到了快速的发展，但是监管制度不完善、法律法规缺失、宣传力度欠缺、投保方式单一、投保费率过高、申请周期过长等问题仍然形成着巨大的制约。这其中有政府功能不完善的原因，有企业保险意识匮乏的原因，但最主要的原因是中信保的垄断经营模式。因此，探寻适合我国国情及中小企业特点的出口信用保险模式紧急且重要。笔者通过学习国际上成熟的出口信用保险模式，在总结其经验的基础上，得出，我国中小企业出口信用保险应分阶段逐步从政策性模式向商业性模式转化，最终实行商业性业务的完全商业化运营。针对中小企业出口信用保险中存在的问题，，应从国家、出口信用保险机构、中小企业三方面加强对出口信用保险制度的完善，国家机关应通过建立健全的出口信用保险法规、建立有效的部际协调机制、加大财政支持力度来发挥其职能。出口信用保险机构应通过拓宽业务范围、便捷投保方式、降低保险费率、选择合适的经营模式等方式来提升其业务能力。中小企业也应该加强自我完善，不断强化保险意识，逐渐提升风险管理水平。相信，在各方的共同努力下，出口信用保险一定会更好地发挥其作用，促进中小企业发展，为我国中小企业对外贸易保驾护航。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of trade globalization, China's foreign trade has made rapid progress. International trade has become an important pillar of China's economic development. At present, the international market competition is fierce and the trade environment is complex and changeable. China's export enterprises are facing huge political risks and credit risks. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the national economy of our country. The main force has been more and more involved in foreign trade, hoping to find a wider space for development in the international market. In the process of foreign trade, small and medium-sized enterprises are not only limited by their own small scale, limited funds, and lack of risk management experience, but also under the international trade barriers, the pressure of RMB appreciation. The hindrance of factors such as backward management system, financing difficulties and other factors often make them afraid to meet and lose trade opportunities in international competition.
Export credit insurance, as a policy financial tool for the state to support export trade, not only provides risk consulting services and loss compensation services for small and medium-sized enterprises, but also helps them adopt flexible trade settlement methods, open up international markets, obtain trade financing, achieve successful listing, and fully reflect the export credit insurance to small and medium-sized enterprises. The China Export and Credit Insurance Corp (hereinafter referred to as "CITIC insurance") is a wholly funded insurance institution supported by the government of our government to operate the policy oriented export credit insurance business. It is a protective umbrella for China's foreign trade. After its establishment, China's export credit insurance has been rapidly developed, but the regulatory system is not perfect. The lack of laws and regulations, lack of publicity, a single way of insurance, high rate of insurance and the long application cycle still form a huge restriction. There are reasons for the imperfect function of the government, the reason for the lack of enterprise insurance awareness, but the most important reason is the monopoly mode of CITIC insurance. Therefore, it is suitable for China to explore the suitable state of China. The export credit insurance model with the characteristics of small and medium enterprises is urgent and important. By studying the international mature export credit insurance model and summarizing the experience, it is concluded that the export credit insurance of China's SMEs should be gradually transformed from the policy mode to the commercial model in stages, and the commercial business should be completed at the end. Commercial operation. In view of the problems existing in the export credit insurance of small and medium-sized enterprises, we should improve the export credit insurance system from three aspects of the state, export credit insurance institutions and small and medium enterprises. The state organs should establish an effective inter ministerial coordination mechanism by establishing sound export credit insurance regulations and increasing the financial support. The export credit insurance institution should enhance its business capability by widening the scope of business, convenient insurance method, reducing the insurance rate and choosing the appropriate mode of operation. Small and medium enterprises should also strengthen self-improvement, constantly strengthen the awareness of insurance, and gradually improve the management level of wind insurance. Oral credit insurance will play a better role in promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and escort the foreign trade of small and medium-sized enterprises in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.682;F276.3

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