养老保险对“知识型”劳动力就业的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 14:16

本文选题：养老保险 + 养老金双轨制　；参考：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：随着每年递增的本科毕业者,“知识型”人才的大量累积,有限的岗位数量等因素,已经对我国“知识型”劳动力的就业产生了严重的制约,人才供过于求的就业市场,已经成为社会各界所关注的热点和焦点。与此同时,我国从2020年开始一直到2030年,将连续迎来两次人口老龄化高峰期的冲击,而养老金的亏空,以及饱受社会各界诟病的养老保险制度,成为我国面临人口老龄化高峰期的巨大隐患。然而无论是就业形势还是养老状况,在我国现阶段都没有得到很好的解决。很多学者更是将两者分开进行独立的研究,试图找出各自的解决办法和方式。但是,时至今日我国就业和养老所面临的形势依旧严峻。研究正是以养老和就业两大热点问题为背景,提出了养老保险对“知识型”劳动力就业的影响,这一问题。并将这一问题细化为两个部分,分别从养老保险观念对初次就业“知识型”劳动力就业的影响,以及养老保险状况对在职“知识型”劳动力就业的影响,这两部分用数据证明了养老保险对“知识型”劳动力就业存在的影响。论文所采用的调查方法为问卷调查法。其中包括两部分调查对象,一部分以2013年应届专、本科大学毕业生,以全国范围内的17所高校作为初次就业“知识型”劳动力的研究样本,从初次就业准备、初次择业经历以及初次就业结果这三个维度来对上述问题进行分析；另外一部分以2003年高校首次扩招后的第一批毕业生,至2012年往届高校毕业生为调查对象,以成都、长沙、杭州以及桂林作为在职“知识型”劳动力的研究样本,从职业意愿、职业稳定性以及职业发展这三个维度来对上述问题进行分析。以“经济人”假设和社会理性选择为理论基础,研究中运用了单因素方差分析法、因子分析法、交互分析法等数据分析方法,利用SPSS17.0软件对论文中的调查结果进行数据分析和描述,得出主要结论。养老保险观念强弱对初次就业“知识型”劳动力的影响部分： 1.养老保险观念的强弱对初次就业准备中的就业压力具有显著性差异。即养老保险观念越强的劳动力,其所承受的就业压力越大。就业压力主要分为三个维度,家庭经济负担、亲友成就期待以及外在刺激感受,无论是哪个方面,都受到养老保险观念强弱的显著影响。 2.养老保险观念的强弱对初次就业准备中的求职主动性具有显著性差异,即养老保险观念越强的劳动力,其求职就越主动。求职主动性主要分为二个维度,求职积极性及求职外在感受,无论是哪个方面,都受到了养老保险观念强弱的显著影响。 3.养老保险观念的强弱对初次就业准备中的求职意愿具有显著性差异,即养老保险观念越强的劳动力,其求职意愿就越强烈。求职意愿主要分为四个维度,物质动机、地域取向、组织环境、工作发展。通过数据分析发现,四个维度都受到了养老保险观念强弱的显著影响。 4.养老保险观念的强弱对初次就业结果中的工作满意度具有显著性差异,即养老保险观念越强的劳动力,其对工作的选择越高,也更容易获得满意感,从而提升满意度。二、养老保险状况对在职“知识型”劳动力的影响部分： 1.养老保险的有无对在职“知识型”劳动力职业意愿中的职业生涯规划具有显著性差异,即拥有养老保险的劳动力对于职业生涯的规划越重视。职业生涯规划主要可以划分为四个维度,职业生涯探索、职业生涯决定、职业生涯行动以及生涯评估调整。通过数据分析发现,只有职业生涯行动受到养老保险有无的显著影响,并直接影响到职业生涯规划。 2.养老保险的有无对在职“知识型”劳动力职业意愿中的职业期待吻合度具有显著性差异,即拥有养老保险的劳动力,在选择工作时更倾向于找到与自己职业期待吻合度高的工作。 3.养老保险的有无对在职“知识型”劳动力职业意愿中的职业价值取向具有显著性差异,即拥有养老保险的劳动力,对于职业价值取向越全面。 4.养老保险的有无对在职“知识型”劳动力职业发展中的工作满意度具有显著性差异,即拥有养老保险的劳动力,在找工作更倾向于选择让自己满意的工作单位和岗位,从而使自己的工作满意度提高。 5.值得注意的是,在养老保险的有无对在职“知识型”劳动力职业发展中,单位性质占据主动,对养老保险的有无具有显著性差异。这一数据的结果,是对我国现阶段就业结构的直观体现,单位性质决定了养老保险,也符合我国目前的就业和养老的热点话题“公务员热”以及“养老金双轨制”。论文基于以上研究结论,对提高初次“知识型”劳动力就业、改善在职“知识型”劳动力择业提出了如下建议。 1.树立“知识型”劳动力正确的养老观念和就业观念 2.加大养老观宣传力度,继续扩大养老保险覆盖率 3.提高初次就业“知识型”劳动力就业效率 4.改善在职“知识型”劳动力的择业取向偏差最后,以实证研究数据为基础,对全文进行总结。同事,对相关问题展开讨论,并对研究结论的可信度给予了肯定,对研究中的优劣进行了描述。研究中还有一些不足之处,希望通过以后的学习加以改进。
[Abstract]:Abstract: with the increasing annual degree of undergraduate graduating, the accumulation of "knowledge-based" talents and the limited number of posts have seriously restricted the employment of "knowledge-based" labor in our country. The employment market with oversupply of talent has become a hot spot and focus of attention from all walks of life. At the same time, China is from 2020 From the beginning of the year to 2030, the impact of the two times of population aging will be ushered in a continuous way, and the pension deficit, as well as the old-age insurance system which has been criticized by the community, has become a huge hidden danger in China's aging population. However, both the employment situation and the state of the aged have not been very good at the present stage of our country. Many scholars separate the two and try to find out their respective solutions and ways. However, the situation of employment and pension in China is still severe today. The research is based on the two hot issues of pension and employment, and puts forward the shadow of the old insurance for the "knowledge-based" employment. This problem is divided into two parts, including the influence of the old-age insurance concept on the "knowledge type" employment of the first employment, and the influence of the endowment insurance status on the employment of the "knowledge-based" labor force. These two parts use the data to prove the existence of the old insurance to the "knowledge type" labor force. Ringing.
The survey method used in this paper is the questionnaire survey method, which includes two parts of the survey, some of which are in 2013, undergraduate and 17 colleges and universities nationwide as the research samples of "knowledge type" for the first time employment, from the first employment preparation, the first job selection experience and the first three employment results. The other part is the analysis of the above problems; the other part, with the first batch of graduates after the first expansion of the college enrollment in 2003, as a survey object to the former college graduates in 2012, takes Chengdu, Changsha, Hangzhou and Guilin as the research sample of the "knowledge-based" labor force, from the three aspects of professional will, career stability and career development. On the basis of the hypothesis of "economic man" and the choice of social rationality, the data analysis methods such as single factor analysis of variance, factor analysis and interactive analysis are used in the study, and the results of the investigation in the paper are analyzed and described by SPSS17.0 software, and the main conclusions are drawn. The impact of risk perception on the "knowledge-based" labor force of initial employment:
1. the strength of the concept of endowment insurance has a significant difference in the employment pressure in the initial employment preparation. That is, the stronger the old-age insurance concept is, the greater the employment pressure it bears. The employment pressure is mainly divided into three dimensions, the family economic burden, the expectation of the relatives and friends, and the external stimulation feelings, in which respect, they are all raised. The significant influence of the old insurance concept.
2. the strong or weak concept of pension insurance has significant differences in the initiative of job hunting in the initial employment preparation. That is, the more active the old-age insurance concept is, the more active it is to apply for a job. The initiative of the job is mainly divided into two dimensions, the enthusiasm for job hunting and the external feeling of job hunting, in any respect, the importance of the concept of endowment insurance is significant. Influence.
3. the strong or weak concept of endowment insurance has significant difference to the job hunting intention in the initial employment preparation. That is, the stronger the concept of old-age insurance, the stronger the desire for job hunting. The intention of job hunting is divided into four dimensions, material motivation, regional orientation, organization environment, and work development. Through data analysis, the four dimensions are all raised. The significant influence of the old insurance concept.
4. the strength of the concept of pension insurance has a significant difference in the job satisfaction of the initial employment results. That is, the higher the concept of old-age insurance, the higher the job selection, the more easy to get satisfaction, thus improving the satisfaction.
Two, the impact of endowment insurance on the "knowledge-based" workforce:
1. there are significant differences in career planning for the occupational will of the "knowledge-based" labor force, that is, the more attention is paid to the career planning of the workforce with pension insurance. The career planning can be divided into four dimensions, career exploration, career decision, career action and the career action. Through data analysis, it is found that only career action is significantly affected by endowment insurance and directly affects career planning.
2. there is a significant difference in the professional expectation of occupational expectation in the occupational will of the "knowledge-based" labor force, that is, the labor of the endowment insurance is more inclined to find a job with higher coincidence with the career expectation in the choice of work.
3. there is a significant difference in the vocational value orientation of the occupational will of the "knowledge-based" labor force in the old-age insurance, that is, the labor of the endowment insurance is more comprehensive for the vocational value orientation.
4. there is a significant difference in the job satisfaction of the occupational development of the "knowledge-based" labor force in the old-age insurance. That is, the labor force that has the endowment insurance is more inclined to choose the work units and posts satisfying their own satisfaction, so that their job satisfaction is improved.
5. it is worth noting that, in the career development of the "knowledge-based" employment of the old-age insurance, the property of the unit occupies the initiative and has no significant difference to the pension insurance. The result of this data is an intuitive embodiment of the present employment structure in China, and the unit sex determines the pension insurance, which is also in line with the present state of our country. The hot topic of the industry and the elderly is the "hot civil servant" and the "dual track pension system".
Based on the above conclusions, the paper puts forward the following suggestions for improving the employment of the "knowledge-based" labor force and improving the employment of "knowledge-based" labor force.
1., establish a knowledge-based workforce, the right old-age concept and employment concept.
2., we should strengthen the propaganda of the old-age view and continue to expand the coverage rate of old-age insurance.
3. improve the employment efficiency of the "knowledge" labor force for the first time.
4. improving career orientation bias of the "knowledge-based" workforce.
Finally, on the basis of the empirical research data, we summarize the full text. Colleagues, discuss the related issues, and give a affirmation to the credibility of the research conclusions, and describe the advantages and disadvantages of the research. There are still some shortcomings in the study. We hope to improve the study by the future study.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.67;F249.2

【参考文献】