农业保险补贴如何规避WTO规则约束:美国做法及启示

发布时间：2019-01-19 12:35

【摘要】：本文在介绍美国农业保险经营模式、保险产品、补贴方式和财政支出情况的基础上,结合WTO规则和美国的WTO通报数据分析了美国利用农业保险补贴规避WTO规则约束的策略和影响。分析表明,美国大量使用与特定产品挂钩的"黄箱"保险补贴,却按照"绿箱"或是"非特定产品支持"进行通报,如果严格按照特定产品支持进行通报则美国实际AMS水平远高于其通报的水平。由于保险补贴引发贸易争端和遭到反补贴调查,2012年起美国对保费补贴已经按照"特定产品支持"进行通报,但美国通过对保险公司的经营管理费用补贴和再保险支持来降低对农民保费补贴,仍可充分利用WTO允许的"非特定产品支持"空间。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the agricultural insurance business model, insurance products, subsidies and financial expenditure in the United States. Combined with the WTO rules and the WTO notification data of the United States, this paper analyzes the strategies and effects of the agricultural insurance subsidies in the United States to circumvent the constraints of the WTO rules. Analysis shows that the United States heavily uses "yellow box" insurance subsidies linked to specific products, but notifies them on the basis of "green box" or "non-specific product support". The actual AMS level in the United States is much higher than that reported by the product-specific support if the notification is made strictly on a product-specific basis. Because of trade disputes over insurance subsidies and countervailing investigations, the United States has notified premium subsidies in accordance with "product-specific support" since 2012. However, the United States can make full use of the "non-specific product support" space allowed by WTO by reducing the premium subsidy to farmers by subsidizing the operating expenses and reinsurance support of insurance companies.
【作者单位】：华中农业大学经济管理学院;江苏省农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;贵州大学经济学院;福建农林大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金“国家粮食安全新战略视野下谷物生产支持政策体系研究”(编号:71473052) 国务院研究室委托项目“精准扶贫视角下的农业保险研究”
【分类号】：F371.2;F841.36

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