制度、营商环境与服务业发展——来自世界银行《全球营商环境报告》的证据

发布时间：2018-06-15 02:23

本文选题：制度 + 营商环境　；参考：《学海》2017年01期

【摘要】：当前中国服务业对经济增长起主导性作用,中国已步入服务经济时代,但中国服务业占GDP比重与世界平均水平相比依然有一定差距。服务业具有制度密集型特征,即服务业对制度高度敏感和依赖,同时又是制度的载体,制度和营商环境对服务业发展有重要的影响。基于2003-2016年世界银行公布的《全球营商环境报告》的实证研究表明,制度环境的确可以影响服务业占GDP的比重。全部样本国家回归结果显示,一国营商环境排名提升1%,可以使该国服务业占GDP比重提升0.236个百分点。营商环境的细分制度指标中,财产登记、获得信贷、投资者保护、缴纳税款、合同执行这几项指标对服务业占GDP比重的提高有显著的正向作用。全部样本国家回归显示,服务业发展受投资者保护这个指标的影响最大,财产登记这个指标对OECD国家服务业发展促进最大,合同执行则对金砖国家服务业发展的促进作用最为明显。政府在制定服务业政策时,除了放松服务业管制、税收优惠等常规的政策手段外,还应该关注其营商环境的整体提升,尤其是在产权保护、投资者保护、加大合同执行力度、缓解融资约束等方面作出努力。
[Abstract]:At present, China's service industry plays a leading role in economic growth, and China has stepped into the era of service economy, but the proportion of China's service industry in GDP still has a certain gap with the world average. Service industry has the characteristics of system-intensive, that is, the service industry is highly sensitive and dependent on the system, and is also the carrier of the system. The system and the business environment have an important impact on the development of the service industry. An empirical study based on the Global Business Environment report published by the World Bank from 2003 to 2016 shows that the institutional environment can indeed affect the share of service industries in GDP. Regression results for all sample countries showed that a country's rise in the ranking of the business environment could increase the service sector's share of GDP by 0.236 percentage points. In the subdivision system of business environment, property registration, access to credit, investor protection, tax payment and contract execution have a significant positive effect on the increase of service industry's proportion of GDP. The regression of all sample countries shows that the development of service industry is most affected by the index of investor protection, and that the index of property registration contributes most to the development of service industry in OECD countries. Contract implementation of the BRICS countries to promote the development of services is the most obvious role. When formulating policies on the service sector, the government should, in addition to deregulation of the service sector, tax concessions and other conventional policy measures, also pay attention to the overall improvement of its business environment, especially in terms of property rights protection, investor protection, and greater enforcement of contracts. Ease financing constraints and other aspects of efforts.
【作者单位】：南京大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目(项目号:16 ZDA015) 江苏省社会科学基金重大项目(项目号:15 ZD004) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(项目号:15JJD790016) 南京大学区域经济转型与管理变革协同创新中心重大课题“加快服务经济发展的制度和环境研究”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F719

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