生产性服务业与城市经济可持续发展研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 13:57

【摘要】：走中国特色新型城市化、工业化、信息化道路，实现城市经济可持续发展将是我国经济社会发展面临的重要任务，也是调整经济结构和转变经济发展方式的关键问题。随着城市经济水平的不断提高和功能体系的不断完善，城市的服务、协调功能将逐步增强。服务业，尤其是知识密集度高、产业关联性强、空间占用小和资源消耗低的生产性服务业在城市经济中的地位明显上升，并逐渐取代制造业成为城市发展的主要推动力。世界城市转型通常经历了资源型城市或区位型城市向制造型城市转变，再向服务型城市转变的过程。生产性服务业在城市发展的不同阶段分别起到“润滑剂”作用、“生产力”功能和“推进器”作用，有利于促进城市产业升级、完善城市经济功能、提高城市创新能力，实现经济可持续发展。纽约、伦敦、东京、北京和上海等大都市均依托生产性服务业成功实现了经济转型，提高了城市经济的可持续发展能力。生产性服务业将知识资本、人力资本和技术资本投入到生产过程中，改善了要素投入的质量，有利于促进工业的转型升级。生产性服务业通过向外输出生产性服务，发挥产业关联效应而增加城市的就业和收入，避免大城市由于工业发展趋缓后带来的“产业空心化”。生产性服务中间投入的增加，意味着物质中间投入的减少，在降低资源的消耗的同时减少污染的排放，改变过去被动的城市生态治理局面。本文将生产性服务业的产业关联、知识密集和中间投入等基本产业特征与城市的工业转型升级、就业结构优化和“减物质化”过程结合起来研究，分析生产性服务业对城市经济可持续发展的影响机制。长期处于价值链低端的我国工业通过提高资本有机构成和劳动报酬激励等措施有效提高了劳动生产率，但并没有导致利润水平的同步上升。在市场化程度高和基础条件较好的中心城市和特大型城市生产性服务业有助于提高工业生产效率和实现价值链地位跃升，从而在城市之间形成有机的专业化分工体系。而垄断竞争条件下，生产性服务业却会增加企业的运营成本，对工业劳动生产率的提高并没有积极作用。生产性服务业在中心城市和特大型城市集聚，推动了大型城市成为新的工业中心和先进制造业基地，广大中小型城市围绕特大型城市和大城市进行有机配套。生产性服务业通过产业关联效应增加了其他相关产业的总体就业量，从而实现了就业总量扩容。城市体系逐渐完善的过程也是劳动力有序流动、解决就业市场结构性矛盾的过程。由于生产性服务业处于价值链的高端，更高的工资回报，带动了其他产业收入水平的提高，缓解中心城市的高运营成本。生产性服务业发展与城市经济发展水平具有高度相关性，，并有利于北京和上海等中心城市实现生产过程的“减物质化”。尽管各个城市采取一定的措施努力降低了单位GDP的能耗，但是由于反弹效应，工业废气和固体废物的排放总量还是比较大，并呈上升趋势。在粗放的经济发展模式下，制造业对生产性服务业的需求不足使城市经济难以摆脱对物质资源的高度依赖，实行合理的环境规制有利于工业企业的服务外包和专业化水平的提高。我国生产性服务业全要素生产率增长迅速，且东部地区的增长要快于中西部地区，北京和上海的生产性服务业发展水平在全国处于领先地位。基于各城市的工业化水平，发展我国城市生产性服务业的着力点应体现在优化工业化技术线路、推动市场化体制改革、促进产业集群化布局、加速产业融合化发展和实行产业生态化规制等方面，切实推动生产性服务业发展，形成合理的城市专业化分工体系，保障城市经济的可持续性。
[Abstract]:It is an important task for the economic and social development of our country to take the new urbanization of Chinese characteristics, the road of industrialization and information, and realize the sustainable development of the city economy. It is also the key problem to adjust the economic structure and change the way of economic development. With the continuous improvement of the economic level of the city and the continuous improvement of the functional system, the service of the city and the coordination of the city will be coordinated. The service industry, especially the high degree of knowledge intensive, the strong industrial relevance, the small space occupancy and the low consumption of resources, has increased significantly in the city economy, and gradually replaced the manufacturing industry as the main driving force for the development of the city.
The transformation of the cities of the world usually goes through the transformation from the resource-based city or location type city to the molding City, and then to the service type city. The productive service industry plays the role of "lubricant" in the different stages of urban development. The function of "productivity" and "propeller" will help promote the upgrading of the city industry and improve the city. City economy function, improve the city innovation ability, realize the economic sustainable development. New York, London, Tokyo, Beijing and Shanghai have achieved the economic transformation by relying on the productive service industry successfully, and improved the sustainable development ability of the city economy.
The productive service industry puts the knowledge capital, human capital and technical capital into the production process, improves the quality of the input of the factor, and promotes the transformation and upgrading of the industry. The production service industry will increase the employment and income of the city by exporting the productive service to the outside, and increase the employment and income of the city, and avoid the industrial development of the big cities. The increase in the "Industrial Hollowing" brought about by the slowness. The increase in the intermediate input in the productive service means the reduction in the intermediate input of the material, reducing the consumption of the resources and reducing the emission of the pollution, and changing the passive urban ecological management situation in the past. The characteristics of the industry are combined with the industrial transformation and upgrading of the city, the optimization of employment structure and the process of "reducing material", and analyses the influence mechanism of the productive service industry on the sustainable development of the urban economy.
China's industry, which has long been in the low end of the value chain, improves the labor productivity by improving the organic composition of capital and the incentive of labor remuneration, but it does not lead to a synchronous increase in profit level. The productive service industry in central cities and large cities with better market level and better basic conditions will help to improve industrial production. The status of efficiency and the realization of the value chain is leapfrog, thus forming an organic specialized division of labor between cities. Under the condition of monopolistic competition, the productive service industry will increase the operating cost of the enterprise and have no positive effect on the increase of industrial labor productivity.
The agglomeration of productive service industry in central cities and mega cities has promoted large cities to become new industrial centers and advanced manufacturing bases. The large and small cities are organically matched around large cities and large cities. The productive service industry has increased the overall employment of other related industries through industrial correlation effect. The process of the gradual improvement of the urban system is also the process of the orderly flow of the urban system, the process of solving the structural contradiction of the employment market. Because the productive service industry is in the high end of the value chain and the higher salary returns, it has promoted the increase of the income level of other industries, and slowly solved the high operating cost of the central city.
The development of the productive service industry has a high correlation with the level of urban economic development, and is beneficial to the reduction of the production process in central cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. Although every city has taken certain measures to reduce the energy consumption of the unit GDP, the total amount of industrial waste gas and solid waste is also due to the rebound effect. In the extensive economic development model, the lack of demand for manufacturing services in the manufacturing industry makes it difficult for the urban economy to get rid of the high dependence on material resources, and the implementation of reasonable environmental regulation is conducive to the improvement of service outsourcing and professional leveling of industrial enterprises.
The growth of total factor productivity of the productive service industry in China is growing rapidly, and the growth of the eastern region is faster than the central and western regions. The development level of the productive service industry in Beijing and Shanghai is in the leading position in the whole country. Based on the industrial level of each city, the focus of developing the urban productive service industry in China should be reflected in the optimization of the industrial technology line. The road, promote the reform of the market system, promote the distribution of industrial clusters, accelerate the development of industrial integration and implement the regulation of the industrial ecology, and effectively promote the development of the productive service industry, form a rational division of labor in the city and ensure the sustainability of the city's economy.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F299.2;F719

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