可持续发展视角下我国稀土出口问题分析

发布时间：2018-01-22 01:15

本文关键词： 可持续发展稀土出口　出处：《内蒙古科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：稀土作为不可再生的重要资源，被众多国家列为发展高新产业的关键元素和国家级战略元素。2014年3月结束的WTO诉讼案，围绕我国稀土出口问题展开了激烈的辩论。一审败诉，表明我国稀土出口问题已上升到国际问题。针对稀土出口问题的研究，应该更加深入。我国是世界上最大的稀土生产国，，其储量、产量和出口量均居世界首位。稀土产量和出口量的持续增加，不仅直接导致了我国稀土储量骤减，而且稀土的开采、冶炼、加工、分离等一系列生产过程对环境造成了极大的污染，严重影响了我国稀土产业的可持续发展。本文通过对比各稀土大国的稀土储量、产量和出口量，指出在其他各稀土大国保护本国稀土资源的同时，我国以占世界约40%的稀土储量，供应了全球90%以上的稀土需求量。就对比结果，从可持续发展的三大原则出发，分析了我国稀土出口与可持续发展的相关性，得出稀土的出口量、出口保护度和定价权是对可持续发展的公平性、持续性和共通性三大原则的量化。运用线性回归模型、纳什均衡模型和动态价格比较模型，对稀土出口量、出口保护度和定价权进行量化分析。线性回归模型中，以国内稀土产量与出口量作为指标，建立相关模型，并运用灰色度模型、最小二乘模型和优化度模型对其进行优化，得到最优线性回归模型，对我国稀土出口过程中存在的问题进行分析评价。纳什均衡模型中，通过建立我国与发达国家的博弈矩阵，计算出我国稀土最佳保护度的取值范围，从而判断现阶段我国稀土保护度是否合理。动态价格比较模型中，运用国际稀土价格和国内进口稀土价格作为指标，建立动态价格比较模型，对定价权问题进行评价分析。本文的主要结论：第一、我国稀土出口量虽然在逐渐减少，但与其他稀土生产国相比，出口比重仍然太大；第二、稀土资源保护方面，政府需要根据现阶段的稀土发展情况制定相应的补偿措施；第三、稀土定价权方面，劳动力成本和环境成本与稀土价格不平衡，是造成定价权缺失的主要原因。针对稀土出口存在的问题，提出对不同稀土元素差别化管理，优化稀土资源配置，提高稀土开采成本，建立合理的劳动成本和环境成本等方面的相应对策建议。
[Abstract]:Rare earth, as an important non-renewable resource, has been listed as the key element and national strategic element in the development of high-tech industry in many countries. The WTO lawsuit case ended in March 2014. There is a heated debate about the export of rare earths in China. The defeat of the first instance indicates that the export of rare earths in China has risen to an international problem. The research on the export of rare earths should be further deepened. China is the largest rare earth producer in the world, and its reserves, production and export volume are the first in the world. The continuous increase of rare earth production and export volume not only leads to the sharp decrease of rare earth reserves in China. Moreover, a series of production processes such as mining, smelting, processing and separation of rare earths have caused great pollution to the environment and seriously affected the sustainable development of rare earth industry in China. By comparing the rare earth reserves, output and export volume of each rare earth country, this paper points out that while other rare earth countries protect their own rare earth resources, our country accounts for about 40% rare earth reserves in the world. The rare earth demand of more than 90% in the world has been supplied. According to the comparative results, the correlation between the export of rare earths and sustainable development in China is analyzed according to the three principles of sustainable development, and the export volume of rare earths is obtained. The export protection degree and pricing power are the quantification of the three principles of equity, persistence and commonality of sustainable development. Using linear regression model, Nash equilibrium model and dynamic price comparison model, the export volume of rare earths is analyzed. Quantitative analysis of export protection and pricing power. In the linear regression model, the domestic rare earth production and export volume as indicators, establish the relevant model, and use the grey degree model. The least square model and the optimization degree model are optimized to obtain the optimal linear regression model. The problems existing in the process of rare earth export in China are analyzed and evaluated. By establishing the game matrix between China and the developed countries, the range of the optimal protection degree of rare earths in China is calculated, so as to determine whether the protection degree of rare earths in China is reasonable at present. In the dynamic price comparison model. Using the international rare earth price and the domestic rare earth price as the index, the dynamic price comparison model is established to evaluate and analyze the pricing power. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, although the export of rare earths in China is gradually decreasing, the export proportion is still too large compared with other rare earth producing countries; Second, the protection of rare earth resources, the government needs to make corresponding compensation measures according to the development of rare earths at this stage; Thirdly, the imbalance between labor cost and environmental cost and rare earth price is the main reason for the lack of pricing power. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the differential management of different rare earth elements, optimizing the allocation of rare earth resources, increasing the cost of rare earth mining, establishing reasonable labor cost and environmental cost are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426;F752.62

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